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PHRM2102 > Week 6 > Flashcards

Week 6 Flashcards

1
Q

T or F
Heart rates change with day-to-day activities

A

T

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2
Q

T or F
Heart rates vary between genders

A

T

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3
Q

A heart rate between … and … beats per minute is considered normal

A

60
100

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4
Q

A heart rate over … beats per minute is considered tachycardic

A

100

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5
Q

A heart rate under … beats per minute is considered bradycardic

A

60

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6
Q

If an ECG reads broad QRS complexes with no visible P waves this is called a…

A

Wide complex

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7
Q

Wide complexes are of … origin

A

ventricular

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8
Q

If an ECG reads narrow complexes that are preceded by normal P waves this is called a…

A

narrow complex

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9
Q

Narrow complexes are of … origin

A

sinus, atrial or junctional origin.

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10
Q

T or F
P waves are either absent or present on an ECG.

A

T

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11
Q

What would absent P waves on an ECG indicate?

A

sinus arrest, atrial fibrillation

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12
Q

Gradual slowing during the vagal manoeuvre that resumes on cessation is indicative of…

A

Sinus tachycardia

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13
Q

Gradual slowing during the vagal manoeuvre that doesn’t resume on cessation is indicative of…

A

Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

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14
Q

(Considering the cardiac axis)
In a healthy heart the net movement of electrical activity during depolarisation if upwards/downwards and slightly right/left

A

downwards
left

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15
Q

What would a patient who has left ventricular hypertrophy’s cardiac axis look like in comparison to a normal one?

A

A deviation to the left

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16
Q

What would a patient who has right ventricular hypertrophy’s cardiac axis look like in comparison to a normal one?

A

A deviation to the right

17
Q

(Regarding the cardiac axis)
The QRS axis is considered normal when it is between … and … degrees

A

-30
+90

18
Q

(Regarding the cardiac axis) Left axis deviation is between … and … degrees

A

-30
-90

19
Q

(Regarding the cardiac axis) Right axis deviation is between … and … degrees

A

+90
180

19
Q

(Regarding the cardiac axis) A north west/ extreme axis is between … and … degrees

A

180
-90

20
Q

(Regarding the cardiac axis)
During the Quadrant method if lead 1 and the aVF lead both produce a positive QRS complex the axis is in between the two leads meaning it is considered …

A

normal

21
Q

(Regarding the cardiac axis)
During the Quadrant method if lead 1 produces a negative QRS complex and aVF lead produces a positive QRS complex. This means the axis runs away from lead 1 but toward aVf meaning it is classified as …

A

right axis deviation

22
Q

(Regarding the cardiac axis)
During the Quadrant method if lead 1 produces a positive QRS complex and the aVF lead produces a negative QRS complex then this would be classified as …

A

Possible left axis deviation (could be normal but heading towards left axis deviation also)

23
Q

(Regarding the cardiac axis using the Quadrant method)
Negative values of the QRS complex in both leads (1 and aVF) is indicative of …

A

extreme axis deviation

24
Q

T or F
An isoelectric lead is one that has one deflection much larger than another

A

F
equal or positive deflections

25
Q

The isoelectric lead method involves finding the location of the isoelectric lead. The cardiac axis will run … to the direction of the isoelectric lead.

A

perpendicular

26
Q

(Once locating the perpendicular line using the isoelectric lead method)
If the QRS complex of the lead closest to the perpendicular line is positive/negative, that is the direction of the lead. If the nearest QRS complex is positive/negative then the line runs in the opposite direction.

A

positive
negative

27
Q

The cardiac axis refers to the general direction in which the heart …

A

depolarises

28
Q

In which order do the following terms appear in the featured sentence?

Bundle of HIS
Sinoatrial node
Purkinje fibres
Atrioventricular node

Each wave of depolarisation begins at the …, then spreads to the …, before travelling to the … and the … to complete an electrical cardiac cycle.

A

Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Bundle of HIS
Purkinje fibres

29
Q

When viewing the heart from the front, imagine a clock face. In the case of a normal cardiac conduction pathway, the wave of electrical activity travels from … o’clock to … o’clock.

A

11
5

30
Q

What are some anatomical factors that can influence ones cardiac axis?

A
  • The heart’s anatomical position in the thoracic cavity (dextrocardia), or abnormal thoracic anatomy
  • Abnormal diaphragm position (pregnancy and obesity, among others)
31
Q

What are some pathological factors that can influences someone’s cardiac axis?

A

Conduction abnormalities
Prior myocardial infarction
Pulmonary embolism
Hypertrophy
Ischaemia

32
Q

T or F
All haemostatic processes happen simultaneously when forming a blood clot.

A

T

33
Q

T or F
Primary haemostasis may involve constriction (narrowing) of the damaged blood vessel

A
34
Q

Primary haemostasis is also called…

A

platelet clotting

35
Q

Secondary haemostasis is also called…

A

coagulation cascade

36
Q

T or F
Platelet plugs are permanent solutions to bleeding

A

F
temporary

37
Q
A

PHRM2102 (9 decks)

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