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Systemic Anatomy and Physiology > WEEK 6 > Flashcards

WEEK 6 Flashcards

1
Q

The Function of the respiratory system is to:

a) provide oxygen to the body
b) remove carbon dioxide
c) moisten and warm the air we breathe
d) all the above

A

All the above

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2
Q

The function of the epiglottis is to prevent food or fluid entering the larynx:

True or False

A

True

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3
Q

Name the structures in the upper respiratory tract

A

Pharynx
Nose
Larynx
Nasal Cavity

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4
Q

Name the structures in the lower respiratory tract

A

respiratory bronchioles

alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs

alveoli and are the main sites of gas exchange between air and blood.

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5
Q

Name the structures in the conducting zones.

A

Pharynx
Larynx
Nasal Cavity
Nose
Bronchi
Trachea
Bronchioles
Terminal Bronchioles

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6
Q

Names the structures in the respiratory zone

A

Alveolar ducts
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveolar Sacs
Alveoli

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7
Q

What is the function of the conducting zone?

A

Warm and moisten the air
Conduct air into the lungs

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8
Q

What is the function respiratory zone?

A

Site of gas exchange

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9
Q

What structures does air pass through from the nasal cavity to trachea

A

Nasal Cavity
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx
Larynx

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10
Q

Describe the shape of the cartilage in the trachea. Why is the shape important?

A

Forms c shaped rings that are thicker towards the anterior aspect and narrower toward the posterior aspec

c-shape is important for teh ability to swallow food.

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11
Q

Function of the Nasal Cavity

A

Brings in air

Filters and cleans air

Moistens and warms air

A reasonation chamber for speech

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12
Q

Function of Larynx

A

A passage that connects the pharynx and trachea

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13
Q

Function of Epiglottis

A

Open when breathing to allow air in

closes of trachea when swallowing food

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14
Q

nasopharynx function?

A

an airway in the respiratory system

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15
Q

Function of the Oropharynx

A

The middle part of the throat connects to the oral cavity (mouth). It allows air, food and fluid to pass through

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16
Q

Laryngopharynx function

A

connection point through which food, water, and air pass. Specifically, it refers to the point at which the pharynx divides anteriorly into the larynx and posteriorly into the esophagus.

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17
Q

Function of lungs

A

to move fresh air into your body while removing waste gases

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18
Q

Function of the trachea

A

bring air into the body

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19
Q

Function of the Carina

A

A ridge at the base of the trachea (windpipe) that separates the openings of the right and left main bronchi (the large air passages that lead from the trachea to the lungs).

20
Q

Tracheal cartilages

A

These rings are C-shaped and support the trachea but also allow it to move and flex when breathing

21
Q

Function of Terminal bronchiole

A

mark the end of the conducting division of air flow in the respiratory system

22
Q

function of Respiratory bronchiole

A

the bronchioles carry air to small sacs in your lungs called alveoli

23
Q

Function of Alveolar duct

A

Transmission of air from respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs

24
Q

Function of Alveoli

A

move oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules into and out of your bloodstream.

25
Q

Which components make up the conducting zone?

A

Trachea

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Terminal Bronchioles

26
Q

Which components make up the respiratory zone?

A

Respitoray Bronchioles

Alveolar ducts

Alveolar sacs

27
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A

The pressure of the air coming into the trachea

28
Q

Intrapleural Pressure - location and value at rest

A

Location - the pressure in the pleural cavity

usually 756mmHg (-4mmHg)

29
Q

Intra - alvelour pressure - location and value at rest

A

the pressure inside the alveoli - 760mmHg (0mmHg)

30
Q

Place these event in order

Thoracic cavity volume increases

Lungs are stretched; intrapulmonary volume increases

Intrapulmonary pressure drops

Inspiratory muscles contract; Diaphragm descends; rib cage rises

Air flows into lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

A

inspiratory muscles contract; Diaphragm descends; rib cage rise

Lungs are stretched; intrapulmonary volume increasess

Intrapulmonary pressure drops

Air flows into lungs down its pressure gradient until intrapulmonary pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

31
Q

What is Forced Expiratory Volume?

A

Volume of air that can be maximally exhaled in the first second of exhalation.

32
Q

What is Forced Vital Capacity (FVC)

A

The FVC is the total volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a maximal inspiration.

33
Q

Wha is FEV1/FVC ratio

A

Ratio that tells you fraction FVC that was able to be expired in one second. A healthy person should be able to forcibly exhale about 80% of their FVC in 1 second. Therefore the ratio for FEV1/FVC should be 0.8 (80%) or more.

34
Q

What is a Obstructive lung disease?

A

Difficulty breathing in and out due to narrowing of airways

FEV1/FVC = <80% (0.8) FVC = Close to normal

35
Q

What is a Restrictive lung disorder?

A

Difficulty inspiring enough air because the lungs cannot fully expand. , infant respiratory distress syndrome

FEV1/FVC = Close to normal

FVC = < normal

36
Q
A
37
Q

What is IRV?

A

Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

This is the maximum volume above the tidal volume, that we can inspire into our lungs (approximately 3 L).

38
Q

What is TV?

A

Tidal volume (VT)

This is the volume we inspire and expire during restful breathing. Normally the rate of breathing is 10–12 respiratory cycles per minute, and in adults VT is approximately 0.5 L.

39
Q

What is ERV?

A

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

This is the maximum volume below the tidal volume, that we can expire from our lungs (approximately 1.5 L)

40
Q

What is RV?

A

Residual volume (RV)

This is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a full expiration (approximately 1.2 L). We can never empty the lungs completely.

41
Q

What is IC?

A

Inspiratory capacity (IC)

This is all the air breathed in during a maximal inspiration at the end of a normal expiration. It is calculated by IRV + VT.

42
Q

What is EC?

A

Expiratory capacity (EC)

This is all the air breathed out in a maximal expiration after a normal inspiration. It is calculated by VT + ERV.

43
Q

What is FRC?

A

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

This is the volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a normal expiration. It is calculated by ERV + RV [+].

44
Q

What is VC?

A

Vital capacity (VC)

This is all the air that can be expired from a maximal inspiration. It is calculated by IRV + VT + ERV.

45
Q

What is TLC?

A

Total lung capacity (TLC)

This is all the air that it is possible for the lungs to contain. It is calculated by IRV + VT + ERV + RV.

46
Q
A

Systemic Anatomy and Physiology (9 decks)

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