Week 6 Flashcards
What is primary prevention?
Treatment before the disease has occurred
What is secondary prevention?
Treatment when the disease is already present
What is the effect of statins?
Lower LDL -> lower CVD
What is the effect of PCSK9 inhibitors?
Lower LDL
What are antiplatelet drugs (aspirin) used for?
CVD risk reduction in secondary prevention
Arterial diseases
Platelets play a very small role in venous diseases
Would you use platelet inhibition drugs in primary prevention?
Maybe in young patients (mainly if they have diabetes), not in old patients because the risk of bleeding is too large.
Why does atherosclerosis mainly develop in arteries, and not in veins?
Because atherosclerosis mainly forms because of shear stress, because of high BP
What do diuretics do?
Decrease BP: remove salt and fluid
Beta-blockers
Decrease BP: decrease heart contractability
ACE inhibitors and angiotensin blockers
Decrease BP: works on renin
What antihypertensive drugs do you give to old or black people?
diuretics or calcium antagonists
What antihypertensive drugs do you give to young people?
ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, also work for kidney problems, MI, heart failure
What medication would you use for initial therapy of hypertension?
Dual therapy: ACE or ARB and calcium blocker or diuretic
What do you do when the initial therapy does not work?
Add another tablet
What do you do when 3 types of hypertensive medications still do not work?
Give spironolactone
What are the most important dietary factors that can reduce BP?
Weight reduction, DASH diet, sodium reduction, physical activity, low alcohol; together 20 mmHg decrease
Do anti-inflammatory drugs reduce CV events?
Yes
Where does Covid bind to?
The ACE-2 receptor (in lung, heart, endothelium, kidney and intestinal epithelium)
Why are people with CVD more prone to dying from Covid?
- Because people with CVD are older?
- Because obese people have an impaired immune system?
- Because CVD patients have more ACE-2 receptors?
What is a fairy common complication with covid?
Pulmonary embolisms, deep venous thrombosis
How do you treat thrombosis?
With heparin (anticoagulation), but this doesn’t really help in covid IC patients
Why do people get thrombosis from vaccines?
Because of an autoimmune reaction, that why it is more common in younger people than older people
