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Pharm 111 Nervous System > Week 5 Skin & Communication > Flashcards

Week 5 Skin & Communication Flashcards

1
Q

Skin is the

A

Largest organ in the body

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2
Q

3 layers of the skin

A

Epidermis-outer layer, thinnest, contains melanocytes
Dermis-contains fibroblasts, immune cells, hair follicles, sensory receptor, body temp regulator
Hypodermis-outermost part of the muscle, stores fat, contains connective tissue

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer, thinnest, contains melanocytes (pigment)

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4
Q

Dermis (SC, subcutaneous layer)

A

Contains fibroblast, immune cells, hair follicles, blood vessels, sweat & oil glands, sensory receptor, maintains body temp. Protects against heat, uv radiation, infection.

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5
Q

Hypodermis

A

Outer most part of the muscle, stores fat and contains connective tissues

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6
Q

Fibroblasts are

A

Responsible for secreting proteins Callagen and elastin.

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7
Q

The dermis is attached to and underlying ______ layer called, the hypodermis, where the outermost part of the muscle is located

A

SC subcutaneous layer

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8
Q

Subcutaneous layer (SC) stores

A

Adipose (fat) tissue and contains connective tissues

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9
Q

Eczema

A

Red, pimple like

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10
Q

Psoriasis

A

Dry flakey skin in small or large portions

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11
Q

Cellulitis

A

Deep infection of connective tissue

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12
Q

Skin infections

A

Fungal, viral, bacterial

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13
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common/curable skin cancer often caused by sun exposure

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14
Q

Squamous cell cancer

A

Spreadable to other organs

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15
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Deadliest, often starts as a mole

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16
Q

Skin is prone to more than _____ common problems

A

1,000

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17
Q

Rash

A

Area of red, inflamed, skin/group of red spots caused by irritation, allergy, infection, defects in the skin structure

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18
Q

Eczema 2

A

Manifests with red pimple like bumps and is characterized by itching, blistering, or oozing areas that progress to scaly, brownish, or thicken skin.

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19
Q

Immunodiulators

A

Agents that affect the body’s immune system in some way. These are not steroids but are used to treat itch and inflammation associated with atopic eczema and psoriasis

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20
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic immune disorder in which specific immune cells become overactive and release excessive ammounts of proteins called cyokines.

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21
Q

Cytokines (tumor necrosis factor TNF)

A

Normally helps regulate body’s immune response to infection and inflammation, with psoriasis TNF causes inflammation instead of preventing leading to painful, often disfiguring psoriasis plaques

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22
Q

With psoriasis skin cell turn over is repaid causing

A

The affected skin to become thick, red and scaly

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23
Q

Viral skin infections

A

Virus penetrates the stratum for emu and infects inner layers of skin. Warts, shingles, chicken pox

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24
Q

Bacterial infections

A

Commonly caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, pseudomonas pathogens. Lyme disease, cellulitis

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25
Q

Fungal infection (mycoses)

A

When fungi enters skin instead of staying on top

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26
Q

Acne infection is caused by

A

Bacterium and an over production of sebum that clogs hair follicles

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27
Q

Non inflammatory acne

A

White heads
Sebum and bacteria remaining under the skin
Black heads
Sebum and bacteria partially break thought the surface of the skin and turn black due to pigmentation

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28
Q

Inflammatory acne

A

Papules, pustules, nodules, cysts

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29
Q

Papules

A

Formed when the wall of a follicle breaks, white blood cells rush to the site and inflammation occurs

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30
Q

Postules

A

Occur following formation of a papule as white blood cells move to the surface of the skin

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31
Q

Nodules

A

Occur when follicle wall breaks and causes deep tissue inflammation.

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32
Q

Cysts

A

Consist of a liquid or semi liquid filled lesion accompanied by severe inflammation, pain and scarring

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33
Q

Increases risk of acne

A

Hereditary, hormones, medication, make up

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34
Q

Cellulitis

A

Acute, deep infection of the connective tissue accompanied by inflammation. Usually caused by stephylococcus, streptococcus, or other bacterium

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35
Q

Hives

A

Elevated bumps on the skin surface

36
Q

Fast cell growth without mutation are considered

A

Benign or non cancerous

37
Q

Rapid reproduction and mutation of skin cells are called

A

Malignant or cancerous

38
Q

Skin cancers

A

Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell cancer, malignant melanoma

39
Q

Basal cell carcinoma 2

A

Most common, occurs in the epidermis, usually on the face and scalp. Main cause is early, frequent, extended sun exposure and accounts for 25% of all new cancers

40
Q

Squamous cell cancer 2

A

Second most common. Accounting for 20% of all skin cancers. Can grow and spread rapidly, often on back of hands, ears, edge of lips. Usually on the outer layer of the epidermis. Can invade distant organs and tissue when it metastasizes.

41
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Deadliest form of skin cancer. Signal is often a mole that changes shape, color, or may begin o bleed. Usually spreads across skin before moving deeper.

42
Q

Actinic Keratosis (AK) / Solar Keratosis

A

A scaly or crusty bump that originates on the skin surface. 5% of AK become squamous cell carcinomas

43
Q

Pigment disorders

A

To much or to little melanin is being produced by the body. Vitiligo - hypopigmentation (not enough) freckles/age spots hyperpigmentation (to much)

44
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A

To much keratin (skin protein) causing skin to harden and thicken. Warts, corns, calluses

45
Q

Wrinkles

A

Combination of breakdown in collagen an elastin in the dermis and reduction in size of fat cells in skin

46
Q

Rosacea

A

Chronic disorder where face becomes red and develops pimples and lesions

47
Q

Spider veins

A

Broken blood vessels which have become enlarges. Cause could be obesity, tight stockings, sun exposure, natural during hormonal changes in women

48
Q

Types of burns

A

Thermal, chemical, electrical, friction, sunburn

49
Q

Thermal burn

A

Contact with fire or heat

50
Q

Chemical burn

A

Contact with acids, bases, vesicants

51
Q

Electrical burn

A

Contact with electrical current

52
Q

Friction burn

A

Harsh rubbing of the skin (Indian burn)

53
Q

1st degree burn

A

Limited damage to epidermis. “Super facial” redness and pain

54
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Both epidermis and dermis “moderate burn” redness, blisters, edema, pain

55
Q

3rd degree burn

A

Destruction of epidermis, dermis, and SC tissue “critical” leathery or dry white, brown or black appearance. No blistering, usually needs skin graft

56
Q

4th degree burn

A

Destruction of skin and underlying tissues (muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones) “critical burn” skin graft required

57
Q

To estimate how much of the body is burnt they use the

A

Rule of nine

58
Q

Silver sulfadiazine

A

Topical burn cream that works by acting on the cell membrane wall to inhibit microbial activity and some yeast

59
Q

Sun burns

A

Only affect top layer of skin. Can also include heatstroke, allergic reaction, vision problems and discoloration and damage to the skin

60
Q

Decubitus Ulcers (pressure/bed sores)

A

Usually due to pressure, can also be caused by prolonged friction or exposure to cold. 60-70% are on his or but

61
Q

How many stages of decubitus ulcers (bed sores)

A

4

62
Q

Decubitus ulcers stage I

A

Reddening of unbroken skin

63
Q

Decubitus ulcers (bedsores) stage II

A

Abrasion, blister, superficial ulceration of the skin resulting from damage to the epidermis

64
Q

Stage III decubitus ulcer

A

Crater like lesions that extend though the SC tissue

65
Q

Stage IV decubitus ulcers (bed sores)

A

Lesions that extend though the skin into the muscle, bone, tendon or ligaments

66
Q

Warts

A

HPV virus, contagious

67
Q

Athletes foot

A

Fungal infection

68
Q

There are ___ kinds of herpes

A

2

69
Q

Herpes simplex 1

A

Oral herpes, sores around mouth an spread though kissing, sharing eating utensils

70
Q

Herpes typ 2

A

Sexual contact

71
Q

Impetigo

A

Mostly in children, caused by streptococcus bacterium. Extremely contagious.small red sores, blisters that break open and ooze, crusty and coated with a yellow crust

72
Q

Enbrel (etanercept) psoriasis

A

SC injectable anti TNF therapy agent

73
Q

Remicade (infliximab) psoriasis

A

IV infusion

74
Q

Amevive (alefacept) psoriasis

A

IM or infusion

75
Q

Raptiva (efalizumab) psoriasis

A

SC injection

76
Q

Oral Elidel (pimecrolimus) psoriasis

A

20 or 30mg oral twice daily

77
Q

Formula for selling price

A

Selling price = cost + markup

78
Q

Formulafor markup

A

Markup= selling price- cost

79
Q

Formulafor cost

A

Cost=selling price-markup

80
Q

Formula for markup

A

Markup/ cost x 100= mark up percent

Or (selling price- cost) / cost x 100= markup %

81
Q

Formula for gross profit

A

Gross profit= selling price- cost

82
Q

The most important key to eliminating barriers to communication is?

A

Beingwilling to recognize and eliminate communication barriers as they arise

83
Q

A phone callis an example of which element of communication

A

Channel

84
Q

How many Americans do not speak English as their primary language?

A

30 million

85
Q

An involuntary exclusion ofa specific thought or impulse is the defense mechanism referred to as

A

Repression

Pharm 111 Nervous System (11 decks)

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