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Pharm 111 Nervous System > Week 5 Skin & Communication > Flashcards

Week 5 Skin & Communication Flashcards

1
Q

Skin is the

A

Largest organ in the body

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2
Q

3 layers of the skin

A

Epidermis-outer layer, thinnest, contains melanocytes
Dermis-contains fibroblasts, immune cells, hair follicles, sensory receptor, body temp regulator
Hypodermis-outermost part of the muscle, stores fat, contains connective tissue

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3
Q

Epidermis

A

Outermost layer, thinnest, contains melanocytes (pigment)

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4
Q

Dermis (SC, subcutaneous layer)

A

Contains fibroblast, immune cells, hair follicles, blood vessels, sweat & oil glands, sensory receptor, maintains body temp. Protects against heat, uv radiation, infection.

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5
Q

Hypodermis

A

Outer most part of the muscle, stores fat and contains connective tissues

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6
Q

Fibroblasts are

A

Responsible for secreting proteins Callagen and elastin.

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7
Q

The dermis is attached to and underlying ______ layer called, the hypodermis, where the outermost part of the muscle is located

A

SC subcutaneous layer

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8
Q

Subcutaneous layer (SC) stores

A

Adipose (fat) tissue and contains connective tissues

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9
Q

Eczema

A

Red, pimple like

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10
Q

Psoriasis

A

Dry flakey skin in small or large portions

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11
Q

Cellulitis

A

Deep infection of connective tissue

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12
Q

Skin infections

A

Fungal, viral, bacterial

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13
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common/curable skin cancer often caused by sun exposure

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14
Q

Squamous cell cancer

A

Spreadable to other organs

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15
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Deadliest, often starts as a mole

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16
Q

Skin is prone to more than _____ common problems

A

1,000

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17
Q

Rash

A

Area of red, inflamed, skin/group of red spots caused by irritation, allergy, infection, defects in the skin structure

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18
Q

Eczema 2

A

Manifests with red pimple like bumps and is characterized by itching, blistering, or oozing areas that progress to scaly, brownish, or thicken skin.

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19
Q

Immunodiulators

A

Agents that affect the body’s immune system in some way. These are not steroids but are used to treat itch and inflammation associated with atopic eczema and psoriasis

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20
Q

Psoriasis

A

Chronic immune disorder in which specific immune cells become overactive and release excessive ammounts of proteins called cyokines.

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21
Q

Cytokines (tumor necrosis factor TNF)

A

Normally helps regulate body’s immune response to infection and inflammation, with psoriasis TNF causes inflammation instead of preventing leading to painful, often disfiguring psoriasis plaques

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22
Q

With psoriasis skin cell turn over is repaid causing

A

The affected skin to become thick, red and scaly

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23
Q

Viral skin infections

A

Virus penetrates the stratum for emu and infects inner layers of skin. Warts, shingles, chicken pox

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24
Q

Bacterial infections

A

Commonly caused by staphylococcus, streptococcus, pseudomonas pathogens. Lyme disease, cellulitis

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25
Fungal infection (mycoses)
When fungi enters skin instead of staying on top
26
Acne infection is caused by
Bacterium and an over production of sebum that clogs hair follicles
27
Non inflammatory acne
White heads Sebum and bacteria remaining under the skin Black heads Sebum and bacteria partially break thought the surface of the skin and turn black due to pigmentation
28
Inflammatory acne
Papules, pustules, nodules, cysts
29
Papules
Formed when the wall of a follicle breaks, white blood cells rush to the site and inflammation occurs
30
Postules
Occur following formation of a papule as white blood cells move to the surface of the skin
31
Nodules
Occur when follicle wall breaks and causes deep tissue inflammation.
32
Cysts
Consist of a liquid or semi liquid filled lesion accompanied by severe inflammation, pain and scarring
33
Increases risk of acne
Hereditary, hormones, medication, make up
34
Cellulitis
Acute, deep infection of the connective tissue accompanied by inflammation. Usually caused by stephylococcus, streptococcus, or other bacterium
35
Hives
Elevated bumps on the skin surface
36
Fast cell growth without mutation are considered
Benign or non cancerous
37
Rapid reproduction and mutation of skin cells are called
Malignant or cancerous
38
Skin cancers
Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell cancer, malignant melanoma
39
Basal cell carcinoma 2
Most common, occurs in the epidermis, usually on the face and scalp. Main cause is early, frequent, extended sun exposure and accounts for 25% of all new cancers
40
Squamous cell cancer 2
Second most common. Accounting for 20% of all skin cancers. Can grow and spread rapidly, often on back of hands, ears, edge of lips. Usually on the outer layer of the epidermis. Can invade distant organs and tissue when it metastasizes.
41
Malignant melanoma
Deadliest form of skin cancer. Signal is often a mole that changes shape, color, or may begin o bleed. Usually spreads across skin before moving deeper.
42
Actinic Keratosis (AK) / Solar Keratosis
A scaly or crusty bump that originates on the skin surface. 5% of AK become squamous cell carcinomas
43
Pigment disorders
To much or to little melanin is being produced by the body. Vitiligo - hypopigmentation (not enough) freckles/age spots hyperpigmentation (to much)
44
Hyperkeratosis
To much keratin (skin protein) causing skin to harden and thicken. Warts, corns, calluses
45
Wrinkles
Combination of breakdown in collagen an elastin in the dermis and reduction in size of fat cells in skin
46
Rosacea
Chronic disorder where face becomes red and develops pimples and lesions
47
Spider veins
Broken blood vessels which have become enlarges. Cause could be obesity, tight stockings, sun exposure, natural during hormonal changes in women
48
Types of burns
Thermal, chemical, electrical, friction, sunburn
49
Thermal burn
Contact with fire or heat
50
Chemical burn
Contact with acids, bases, vesicants
51
Electrical burn
Contact with electrical current
52
Friction burn
Harsh rubbing of the skin (Indian burn)
53
1st degree burn
Limited damage to epidermis. “Super facial” redness and pain
54
2nd degree burn
Both epidermis and dermis “moderate burn” redness, blisters, edema, pain
55
3rd degree burn
Destruction of epidermis, dermis, and SC tissue “critical” leathery or dry white, brown or black appearance. No blistering, usually needs skin graft
56
4th degree burn
Destruction of skin and underlying tissues (muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones) “critical burn” skin graft required
57
To estimate how much of the body is burnt they use the
Rule of nine
58
Silver sulfadiazine
Topical burn cream that works by acting on the cell membrane wall to inhibit microbial activity and some yeast
59
Sun burns
Only affect top layer of skin. Can also include heatstroke, allergic reaction, vision problems and discoloration and damage to the skin
60
Decubitus Ulcers (pressure/bed sores)
Usually due to pressure, can also be caused by prolonged friction or exposure to cold. 60-70% are on his or but
61
How many stages of decubitus ulcers (bed sores)
4
62
Decubitus ulcers stage I
Reddening of unbroken skin
63
Decubitus ulcers (bedsores) stage II
Abrasion, blister, superficial ulceration of the skin resulting from damage to the epidermis
64
Stage III decubitus ulcer
Crater like lesions that extend though the SC tissue
65
Stage IV decubitus ulcers (bed sores)
Lesions that extend though the skin into the muscle, bone, tendon or ligaments
66
Warts
HPV virus, contagious
67
Athletes foot
Fungal infection
68
There are ___ kinds of herpes
2
69
Herpes simplex 1
Oral herpes, sores around mouth an spread though kissing, sharing eating utensils
70
Herpes typ 2
Sexual contact
71
Impetigo
Mostly in children, caused by streptococcus bacterium. Extremely contagious.small red sores, blisters that break open and ooze, crusty and coated with a yellow crust
72
Enbrel (etanercept) psoriasis
SC injectable anti TNF therapy agent
73
Remicade (infliximab) psoriasis
IV infusion
74
Amevive (alefacept) psoriasis
IM or infusion
75
Raptiva (efalizumab) psoriasis
SC injection
76
Oral Elidel (pimecrolimus) psoriasis
20 or 30mg oral twice daily
77
Formula for selling price
Selling price = cost + markup
78
Formulafor markup
Markup= selling price- cost
79
Formulafor cost
Cost=selling price-markup
80
Formula for markup
Markup/ cost x 100= mark up percent Or (selling price- cost) / cost x 100= markup %
81
Formula for gross profit
Gross profit= selling price- cost
82
The most important key to eliminating barriers to communication is?
Beingwilling to recognize and eliminate communication barriers as they arise
83
A phone callis an example of which element of communication
Channel
84
How many Americans do not speak English as their primary language?
30 million
85
An involuntary exclusion ofa specific thought or impulse is the defense mechanism referred to as
Repression

Pharm 111 Nervous System (11 decks)

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