Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

(old)SK298 > Week 5 - Reconsidering ‘abnormality’ and mental health in brain development > Flashcards

Week 5 - Reconsidering ‘abnormality’ and mental health in brain development Flashcards

1
Q

What is lissencephaly?

A

A congentical condition where the cortex fails to develop normally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Abnormal cortical development can affect which types of functions?

A

Physical and mental functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the term lissencephaly literally mean?

A

“Smooth brain”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is microencephaly?

A

A condition associated with a smaller than average brain size at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two types of lissencephaly?

A
  • Classic
  • ‘Cobblestone’
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is type I lissencephaly also known as?

A

Miller-Dieker syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the term spectrum refer to in the context of health conditions?

A

The occurrence of a set of symptoms that range in severity, as in ASD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Type I lissencephaly, or Miller-Dieker syndrome, has a prevalence of roughly what globally?

A

1.2 births per 100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the LIS1 gene?

A

A gene located on chromosome 17 that is associated with the classic form of lissencephaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens to the LSI1 gene in Miller-Dieker syndrome?

A

It is deleted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the deletion of the LSI1 gene cause?

A

Reduced production of the protein called PAFAH1B - platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase isoform 1B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What other protein does PAFAH_1B_1 interact with?

A

Dynactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does dynactin play a role in?

A
  • Cell differentiation
  • The movement of cells during the migration process
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What effect does type 1 lissencephaly have on cortical layers?

A
  • There are typically three or four, instead of five or six
  • The cortex is thicker than normal; 10-20mm rather than 4mm
  • Reduced cortical folding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why is it preferable to refer to congenital conditions as being ‘anomalies’, rather than ‘abnormalities’?

A

There is an increasing preference to consider conditions as unusual or different, rather than as abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some physical indicators of Miller-Dieker syndrome?

A
  • Locomotor difficulties
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Epileptic seizures
  • Severely impaired mental capacity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the stages of DNA replication?

A
  • Transcription
  • Translation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What happens during the transcription stage of DNA replication?

A
  • The sequence of bases in the DNA molecule is transcribed into mRNA
  • The mRNA molecules leave the cell nucleus and enter the cytosol of the cell
19
Q

What happens during the translation stage of DNA replication?

A

The mRNA binds to ribosomes and links amino acids together into proteins

20
Q

What do neurons need a variety of in order to produce glial cells?

A

Proteins

21
Q

What is an interneuron?

A

A type of neuron that sends projections within a brain area, rather than to other brain areas

22
Q

What is gene silencing?

A

The process in which the expression of a gene is suppressed

23
Q

What does the term epigenetic mechanisms refer to?

A

The regulation of gene silencing and activation

24
Q

What is microRNA?

A

A type of RNA able to bind to mRNA and cause cleavage, degradation or blocking of the translation process

25
Q

What is non-coding RNA?

A

RNA that is not involved in carrying the genetic code after the transcription process

26
Q

Why is asymmetric division important during development?

A

Because this is the process that is responsible for cell diversification

27
Q

What does the term glycolisis mean?

A

Literally, “glucose splitting” - a process that occurs during digestion

28
Q

Which chemical important in epigenetic regulation can hyperglycaemia eventually increase the level of?

A

Acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA)

29
Q

What does the chemical acetyl-CoA (acetyle coenzyme A) play an important role in?

A

Epigenetic regulation

30
Q

What happens in the first stage of the TCA cycle?

A

Glucose molecules are broken down to two pyruvate molecules with the release of ATP

31
Q

What happens in the second stage of the TCA cycle?

A

Each pyruvate is transformed into acetyl-CoA with the release of CO_2

32
Q

What substance, if added to chromatin, can affect access to DNA during transcription?

A

Acetyl groups

33
Q

What is ‘western blotting’?

A

A technique to measure protein levels

34
Q

What is a kilodalton (kDa)?

A

A atomic weight, usually used to describe the molecular weight of large molecules such as proteins

35
Q

What is Dcx?

A

A protein called doublecortin

36
Q

What is doublecortin (Dcx)?

A

A protein involved in cell migration

37
Q

What type of congenital condition might unregulated gestational diabetes be a risk factor for?

A

Neural tube defects

38
Q

In the field of psychology, what are the five domains of functioning?

A
  • Social
  • Emotional
  • Cognitive
  • Language
  • Physical
39
Q

What does the term ‘face validity’ mean?

A

The extent to which a test appears to measure what it is intended to measure

40
Q

What is meant by the term ‘content validity’?

A

The extent to which a measure is representative of all aspects of what it is trying to measure

41
Q

What is meant by the term ‘construct validity’?

A

The extent to which a test measures the psychological construct of interest

42
Q

With regards to assessments, what is meant by the term ‘feasibility’?

A

The extent to which an assessment can be easily applied in the setting it was intended to be used in

43
Q

In a psychological context, what is meant by the term ‘domain’?

A

A specific aspect of functioning

(old)SK298 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions