Week 5 Pt 1 Flashcards
When did photosynthetic bacteria arise?
3 and half years ago
What does Cyanobacteria do?
Split water and use it as an electron source to create a concentration gradient to make ATP and end result is oxygen
What things are common between prokaryotes and eukaryotic cell?
Both base metabolism around glycolysis They have the same machinery for the synthesis of proteins from DNA Have same machinery for breaking down proteins Use the same basic machinery for making ATP
What is the characteristic of chloroplast ?
Bioenergetic Produce ATP Using light as energy source
What are some evidence of the Endosymbiont theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplast have their own DNA Nucleotide sequences of rRNAs from eukaryotic organelles resemble that of prokaryotes Organelles duplicate independently of nucleus No cell division without mitochondria
What are the possible steps in the evolution of eukaryotic cells?
Started off with eukaryotic cell which was anaerobic (own plasma membrane and DNA) Invaded by aerobic prokaryote - ancestor cell eating bacteria or bacteria was invading eukaryotic cell in a pathogenic attack Aerobic prokaryote survived in the cytosol This enclosed bacteria divided in synchronally with the cell Nucleus evolved by invagination of plasma membrane to form a pocket around DNA
What does the size and number of mitochondria depend on?
Energy requirements of cell
What mediates mitochondrial constriction?
ER tubules and Drp1
What is Cristae?
Large membrane invagination
What does cristae contain?
All of the machinery to do with ATP synthesis
What is the inner mitochondrial membrane subdivided into?
Inner boundary membrane Cristae
Outer mitochondrial membrane have enzymes to do with what?
Tryptophan degradation Fatty acid elongation
What does the mitochondrial matrix contain?
DNA, ribosomes and a large number of enzymes
What does mtDNA encode?
2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs
What are most mitochondrial polypeptide encoded by?
Chromosomal DNA
