week 5 patho part B Flashcards
Nitrates action side effects and egs
Action: Potent vasodilators used in angina and coronary artery disease (CAD). They decrease myocardial oxygen demand and increase coronary blood flow
Side Effects: Headaches, light-headedness
Examples: Glyceryl trinitrate
Cholesterol-Lowering Medications action side effects and egs
Action: Block enzyme activity leading to greater clearance of LDL cholesterol
Side Effects: Nausea, constipation, diarrhea, myopathy
Examples: HMG CoA reductase inhibitors
Antiplatelet Agents action side effects and egs
Action: Prevent blood clots and reduce the risk of cardiac events
Side Effects: Bleeding propensity, peptic ulcer
Examples: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
Beta-Blockers action side effects and egs
Action: Reduce blood pressure by blocking epinephrine effects, leading to slower heart rates and decreased myocardial oxygen demand
Side Effects: Bradycardia, fatigue, bronchospasm
Examples: Atenolol, Metoprolol
Nitrates used in
angina and CAD: potent vasodilators, lower Bp; control ischaemia
Systemic hemodynamics of nitrates
- Decrease in myocardial oxygen demand
- Low doses: small amount of arterial dilatation
- Higher doses: BP falls, reducing wall stress
Coronary hemodynamics nitrates
increase in coronary blood flow
Antiplatelets 2 classified
Platelet aggregation inhibitors
Glycoprotein platelet inhibitors
Beta-blockers pheripheral effect
vasodilation
Beta-blockers cardiac effects
increased heart rate, contractility
Beta-blockers clinical context
- Limits normal increase in heart rate seen during exercise
- THUS Do not use heart rate as a target for training intensity
nitrates clinical context
- stable angina need supervision and encouragement
- closely monitor any symptoms of new-onset chest pain particularly during exercise
- cease activity and rest
- be seated when GTN spray/oral sublingual nitrates administered
ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) action, side effect and egs
Action: Vasodilation, reduce sodium and water retention
Side Effects: Cough, headache, dizziness
Examples: Captopril (ACE inhibitor), Losartan (ARBs)
Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitors action, side effect and egs
Action: counteract maladaptive responses in heart failure by simultaneously suppressing the RAAS and enhancing the natriuretic peptide system
Side Effects: Hypotension, hyperkalemia, renal failure, cough and angioedema
Examples: Entresto
Calcium Channel Blockers action,side effect and egs
Action: Inhibit calcium influx, leading to vasodilation and reduced myocardial contractility
Side Effects: Headache, light-headedness
Examples: Amlodipine
Diuretics action and egs
Action: Reduce fluid retention and blood volume, aiding in heart failure managemen
side effects- potential hypotension, dizziness, hyperkalcemia, odema.
Vasopressors and Inotropes action, side effects and egs
Action: Increase blood pressure and cardiac output in acute hypotension
Side effects:
Excessive vasoconstriction (peripheral ischaemia), hypertension, headache, hyperglycaemia, possibly
glycosuria.
Examples: Norepinephrine
