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SPHY103 > Week 5 Morphology > Flashcards

Week 5 Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Lexicon

A

a ‘dictionary’ of all the speaker’s words (vocab) and morphemes

Includes:
* Phonological representation
• Orthographic representation
• Grammatical (syntactic) information

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2
Q

Morphology

A

Study of the structure of words

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3
Q

Morpheme

A

Smallest unit of linguistic meaning or function at a word level

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4
Q

Word classes

A

Content words
eg nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives
(referred to as open class because new words can be added)

Function words
eg conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronouns, auxiliaries
(referred to as closed class - rarely new words added)

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5
Q

Content words

A

nouns, verbs, adverbs, adjectives

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6
Q

Function words

A

conjunctions, prepositions, articles, pronouns, auxiliaries

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7
Q

Nouns

A

Objects (physical and abstract) and people - proper nouns, common nouns, abstract nouns
Eg
- person
- place
- animal
- thing
- idea

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8
Q

Verbs

A

‘doing’ words - describes actions, processes, states or events

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9
Q

Gerund

A

A word that functions as a noun but looks like a verb. Eg skiing, cooking
V - He was skiiing down the mountain.
N - Skiiing is a good form of exercise.
V - She was cooking dinner.
N - Cooking is her favourite hobby.

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10
Q

Adjectives

A

‘describing’ words - modifies a noun

  • refers to qualities or states
  • can be gradable (comparative, superlative)
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11
Q

Absolute, Comparative and Superlative adjectives

A

eg
Absolute tasty good old
Comparative tastier better elder/older
Superlative tastiest best eldest/oldest

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12
Q

Adverb

A

Adds meaning to the verb in relation to time, manner, quantity and frequency
eg
• He arrived late.
• He arrived quickly.
• He never arrived.
• He arrived often.

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13
Q

Is a morpheme the same as a word?

A

No, some words are one morpheme, other words have more that one morpheme - depends on the word.

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14
Q

Free (content) morpheme

A

stands alone

E.g. words like gentle, cat, love and jump

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15
Q

Bound (grammatical) morpheme

A

Must be attached to another word

E.g. un-, -dis, -er, -s, -ing

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16
Q

What are affixes?

A

prefixes, suffixes, infixes, circumfixes

17
Q

What is a prefix

A

Precedes other morphemes. e.g un-, pre- (unhappy, prejudge)

18
Q

What is a suffix?

A

Follows other morphemes. e.g. -ing, -er, -ist, -ly (eating, singer, typist, manly)

19
Q

What is an infix?

A

Only in English slang – usually swear words: • e.g., fan - freaking – tastic • ‘un – bloody –likely’

20
Q

What is a circumfix?

A

Added to beginning and ending of a morpheme eg un-friend-ly

21
Q

What are derivational morphemes?

A

They change the meaning of the root word or change the word class.

  • Noun to verb - moral +ise; en+joy
  • Verb to adjective - read+able
  • Verb to verb - like; dis+ like
22
Q

What is Back-formation?

A

E.g. the verb to peddle came from the noun peddler based on interpretation of the –er suffix.

23
Q

What is a compound word?

A

two or more free roots may be joined to form a new word

eg bittersweet, poorhouse, whitewash

24
Q

What are inflectional morphemes? • Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes that mark grammatical features of language such as tense and number. • They never change the syntactic category of the root or stem: • I sail the ocean blue • He sails the ocean blue • John sailed the ocean blue • John has sailed the ocean blue • John is sailing the ocean blu

A

Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes that mark grammatical features of language such as tense and number.

They never change the syntactic category of the root or stem:

eg

  • I sail the ocean blue
  • He sails the ocean blue
  • John sailed the ocean blue
  • John has sailed the ocean blue
  • John is sailing the ocean blue
24
Q

What are inflectional morphemes? • Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes that mark grammatical features of language such as tense and number. • They never change the syntactic category of the root or stem: • I sail the ocean blue • He sails the ocean blue • John sailed the ocean blue • John has sailed the ocean blue • John is sailing the ocean blu

A

Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes that mark grammatical features of language such as tense and number.

They never change the syntactic category of the root or stem:

eg

  • I sail the ocean blue
  • He sails the ocean blue
  • John sailed the ocean blue
  • John has sailed the ocean blue
  • John is sailing the ocean blue
25
Q

Stems and root words

A

Start with a root word - add a stem (affix). New word becomes new root word and a stem may be added to that.

Eg

root word - friend

stem - ly (friendly)

New root word - friendly

stem - un (unfriendly)

SPHY103 (9 decks)

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