Week 5: Mood Disorders

Question 1

What is the prevalence of mood disorders?

Answer 1

• depression leading cause of Years Lived with Disability
• 4th contributed to global burden of disease
• lifetime prevalence rates of depression at 17%
• higher for women than for men (2:1)

Question 2

What is the presentation of depression?

Answer 2

• person is markedly depressed and/or losses interest in formerly pleasurable activities for at least 2 weeks
• changes in sleep or appetite
• feelings of worthlessness

Question 3

What is the presentation of mania?

Answer 3

• markedly elevated, euphoric, or expansive mood
• occasional outbursts of intense irritability or violence must persist for a week
• increase in goal-oriented activity
• self-esteem inflated

Question 4

What are the difference between depression and mania?

Answer 4

• important to note they are not simple opposites - both are states of disregulated motivation and emotion
• mood an affect
• speech
• cognition
• judgment
• behaviour

Question 5

What are the differences in mood and affect for mania and depression?

Answer 5

• depression: unvarying low mood
• mania: variation in affect, euphoric, irritable, laughing, crying

Question 6

What are the differences in speech for mania and depression?

Answer 6

• depression: flat, decreased rate, volume and quantity
• mania: extremely talkative, difficult to interrupt, loud, rapid

Question 7

What are the differences in cognition for mania and depression?

Answer 7

• depression: negative view of self, world, fury true, suicde, guilt, death
• mania: self-confident, grandiose, accelerate flow of ides, distracted

Question 8

What are the differences in judgment for mania and depression?

Answer 8

• depression: excessive concern with life problems, overemphasise pathology, hopeless
• mania: disturbed insight, poor judgment

Question 9

What are the differences in behaviour for mania and depression?

Answer 9

• depression: social withdrawal, fatigue
• mania: high activity level, excessive involvement in potentially high-risk pleasurable activities

Question 10

What are the strengths of a mood disorder?

Answer 10

• creativity
• intelligence
• empathy
• magnified experiences
• human connectedness

Question 11

What are the causal factors of unipolar disorders?

Answer 11

• Biological: family, neurochemical factors, abnormalities of hormonal regulatory and immune systems, neurophysiological and neuroanatomical influences, sleep and other biological rhythms, sex differences
• Psychological: stressful life events, different types of vulnerabilities,

Question 12

Treatments that only treat the biological aspect of mood disorders…

Answer 12

May not be as effective as fuller models that also incorporate consideration of psychosocial/cultural factors

Question 13

What are treatments associated with mood disorders?

Answer 13

• many never seek treatment
• pharmacotherapy: antidepressant, mood-stabilising, and antipsychotic drugs, lithium (manic episodes)
• electroconvulsive therapy, trans cranial magnetic stimulation, deep brain stimulation, bright light therapy
• psychotherapy: CBT, behavioural activation treatment, interpersonal therapy, family and marital therapy,