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NRSG 329 > Week 5 - Mental Health/ Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Week 5 - Mental Health/ Eating Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

what is the second leading cause of death for ages 15-19 years?

A

suicide

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2
Q

what is the number 1 cause of death for paediatrics?

A

motor vehicle accidents

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3
Q

what are the most common paediatric mental health disorders?

A
  • neurodevelopment disorders
  • mood & anxiety disorders
  • substance misuse
  • eating disorders/ disordered eating
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4
Q

in regards to the most common paediatric mental health disorders, what is included in neurodevelopment disorders?

A
  • attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)
  • autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
  • conduct disorders (ODD)
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5
Q

what does ODD stand for?

A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

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6
Q

in regards to the most common paediatric mental health disorders, what is included in mood and anxiety disorders?

A
  • generalized anxiety
  • PTSD
  • depression
  • suicide & self-harm
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7
Q

in regards to the most common paediatric mental health disorders, what is included in eating disorders/ disordered eating?

A
  • anorexia nervosa
  • ARFID
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8
Q

what does ARFID stand for?

A

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

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9
Q

for pediatrics where is neurodevelopment disorders most often seen in the hospital?

A

seen in their history

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10
Q

is ARFID a common diagnosis?

A

no

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11
Q

undiagnosed, untreated, or under-treated paediatric mental illnesses have been linked with what?

A
  • school failure
  • self-harm
  • suicide attempts
  • substance misuse
  • violence
  • homelessness
  • incarceration
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12
Q

what are some warning signs of mental illness in children?

A
  • mood changes
  • intense feelings
  • behavior changes
  • problems at school
  • unexplained weight loss/gain/ change in appetite
  • altered sleep
  • risk taking behaviours
  • altercations in secure relationships
  • changes in previously enjoyed activities
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13
Q

in regards to warning signs of mental illness in children, describe mood changes?

A
  • lashing out more
  • unregulated mood fluctuation outside of the normal
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14
Q

in regards to warning signs of mental illness in children, describe behaviour changes?

A
  • physical energy more negative
  • normal behaviours all different
  • isolating themselves
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15
Q

warning signs of mental illness in children, describe problems at school?

A
  • attendance or marks g down
  • having more fights/ arguments with other kids
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16
Q

warning signs of mental illness in children, describe altered sleep?

A

any type of different sleep that is different from their norm

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17
Q

warning signs of mental illness in children, describe risk taking behaviours?

A
  • invincible
  • not taking others safety into consideration
  • using substances
  • unsafe sex/ unhealthy relationships
  • self harm
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18
Q

warning signs of mental illness in children, describe altercations in secure relationships?

A
  • lashing out at parents/ friends
  • breaking up with partner
  • parents breaking up/ divorce
  • normally between paediatric/ other person who is secure
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19
Q

warning signs of mental illness in children, describe changes in previously enjoyed activities?

A

decrease in previous safe activities

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20
Q

where is the best place to have conversations with a child as a parent? why?

A
  • in a car
  • can’t leave
  • not looking at each other
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21
Q

what are medical options available around care for a transgender patient?

A
  • gender goals
  • puberty blockers
  • hormone therapy
  • gender-affirming surgery
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22
Q

what is gender identity?

A

how the person identifies themselves

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23
Q

how does gender expression differ from identity?

A

someone could identify themselves as a different gender but express themselves as a different one

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24
Q

what is gender dysphoria considered to be?

A
  • mental illness
  • classified in DSM5
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25
Q

what are the pros and cons of classifying gender dysphoria as a mental illness?

A

pro
- funding for therapy/ surgeries

con
- labelling person as ill

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26
Q

what is the definition of gender-dysphoria

A

what you feel on the inside doesn’t match with what you see on the outside

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27
Q

what can healthcare providers support transgender paediatric patients?

A
  • allow space for gender expression
  • use preferred pronouns
  • use preferred names
  • state your own pronouns
  • positive/ supportive conversations with family/ caregivers
  • give resources to patient, family & school
  • listen
  • encourage family/ community to be a safe space
  • referrals to groups, counselling
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28
Q

what is the most common neurodevelopment disorder?

A

ADHD

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29
Q

what are the 4 manifestations of ADHD?

A
  • inattention
  • easily distracted
  • motor restlessness
  • poor impulse control
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30
Q

what is ADHD strongly linked to ?

A
  • genetic/ biological factors
  • psychosocial factors
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31
Q

when is ADHD often diagnosed?

A

early school years usually before 7 years

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32
Q

true or false

many children have a learning disability when they have ADHD?

A

true

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33
Q

what are symptoms of ADHD?

A
  • fidgeting/ squirming
  • forgetfulness
  • lots of talking/ going on tangents
  • blurting things out
  • not thinking before doing
  • poor attention span
  • hyper focused on things they are passionate about
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34
Q

what puts a child at a greater risk for having ADHD?

A
  • brain injury
  • environmental trauma
  • mother used alcohol/ substances during pregnancy
  • low birth weight
  • premature
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35
Q

what are some treatments that can be used for ADHD?

A
  • individual & family therapy
  • stimulant medication
  • complementary therapies
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36
Q

in regards to different treatments that can be used for ADHD, what is included in individual and family therapy?

A

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

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37
Q

in regards to different treatments that can be used for ADHD, what is included in stimulant medicatoin?

A
  1. adderall
    - amphetamine
    - dextroamphetamine
  2. ritalin
    - methylphenidate
38
Q

in regards to different treatments that can be used for ADHD, what is included in complementary therapies?

A
  • yoga
  • meditation
  • nutritional counselling
  • support groups
39
Q

autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in what?

A
  • social interactions
  • communication
  • repetitive behaviours
40
Q

how early can autism spectrum disorder (ASD) be diagnosed? when is it well established?

A
  • 1-2 years
  • well established by 18 years
41
Q

who can diagonsis a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Canada?

A
  • pediatrician
  • child psychologist
  • child psychiatrist
42
Q

what is assessed when a child is looked at for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

A

Abilities in:
- cognition
- emotion
- intelligence
- language

43
Q

cause is unknown but speculated to be related to what for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

A
  • advanced parental age
  • prematurity
  • prenatal environment
  • multiple genetic factors
44
Q

what is included in the treatment and management for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?

A
  • no cure
  • funding available
  • treat any underlying medical/ psychiatric condition
  • keep child safe
45
Q

how do you keep a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) safe?

A
  • clarity
  • consistency
  • simplicity
  • continuation
46
Q

which has more provincial funding available autism or ADHD?

A

autism

47
Q

what does ODD stand for?

A

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

48
Q

how does Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) develop?

A

gradually with increasing expression of:
- defiance
- negativism
- argumentativeness
- loss of temper
- hostility
- resistance

49
Q

what are the risk factors for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

A
  • over/ under child-rearing
  • low IQ
  • child abuse
  • family conflicts
  • antisocial parents
50
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is frequently comorbid with what?

A
  • mood disorder
  • ADHD
  • anxiety
51
Q

what are treatments for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

A
  • medication
  • counseling/ problem solving therapy
  • group therapy
  • family therapy
52
Q

what medications are available for the treatment of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

A
  • SSRI
  • prozac
  • zoloft
  • paxil
53
Q

what are the benefits for group therapy for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

A

develop
- listening
- communication
- problem solving skills

54
Q

what does family therapy for families with children who have Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) teach them?

A

behaviour management strategies for communication/ negotiating

55
Q

is Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) higher in males or females?

A

males

56
Q

anxiety disorders are what?

A

intense worries that go beyond the common fears for that are group

57
Q

what are the 4 features of anxiety?

A
  • interferes with ability to complete ADLs
  • reason behind worry is unknown/ unclear
  • logical explanation of worry does not decrease worry
  • therapy and treatment can help
58
Q

what are some common symptoms of anxiety ?

A
  • excessive worrying
  • sleep disturbances
  • isolation
  • physical symptoms
59
Q

what are some possible complications of anxiety?

A
  • insecurity
  • strained relationships
  • withdrawal from ag-appropriate activities
  • decreased school/ cognitive performance
  • self medicating
60
Q

what are some treatments available for anxiety? (exam question, select all that apply)

A
  • CBT
  • family therapy
  • supportive/ interpersonal therapy
  • acceptance/ commitment therapy
  • medications
61
Q

what are common fears among infants?

A
  • loud noises
  • strangers
  • loss of supports
62
Q

what are common fears among toddlers?

A
  • seperation
  • toilets
  • animals
63
Q

what are common fears among preschoolers?

A
  • darkness
  • death
  • injury
  • supernatural
64
Q

what are common fears among school-age?

A
  • school
  • appearance
  • death
  • alone
65
Q

what are common fears among teens?

A
  • future
  • relationships
  • failure
66
Q

describe PTSD

A

reactionary anxiety disorder

67
Q

when does PTSD occur?

A

after a life-threatening event or one that is perceived as such

68
Q

PTSD may follow what?

A

single traumatic event or long-standing repeated events

69
Q

symptoms of PTSD generally occur within what time frame of the event?

A

1 month

70
Q

what are symptoms of PTSD?

A
  • denial
  • dissociation
  • emotional changes
  • regression
  • separation anxiety
  • fearfulness
71
Q

what are the treatments available for PTSD?

A
  • psychotherapy
  • family therapy
  • medications
72
Q

what is one of the best forms of psychotherapy we can offer for patients with PTSD ?

A

EMDR

73
Q

what is the most common mental health condition in adolescence?

A

depression

74
Q

what are some symptoms of depression?

A
  • fatigue
  • suicidal ideation
  • feelings of worthlessness
  • decreased school performance
  • changes in personal relationships
  • weight loss/ gain
  • change in attitude
  • increased isolation
  • loss of pleasure in usual activities
75
Q

what are some treatments available for major depressive disorder?

A
  • find underlying cause if there is one
  • psychotherapy
  • harm reduction
  • hospital admission
  • medications
76
Q

surround depression, statistically males are more likely to engage in what while females are more likely to engage in what?

A

males more likely to engage in suicide attempts and completed

females more likely to engage in self harming behaviours

77
Q

what are common forms of self harm?

A
  • cutting into skin
  • burning
  • punching self
  • banging head
78
Q

what are some interventions nurses can do for patients who self harm or have attempted suicide?

A
  • talking it out
  • offer stickers/ markers for skin
  • creative alternatives
  • provide something to occupy their hands
  • offer distraction
  • journaling
79
Q

who is at greatest risk for substance misuse?

A

adolescents

80
Q

what are potential complications of substance misuse?

A
  • overdose
  • addiction
  • dependance
  • tolerance
81
Q

what are the common signs/ symptoms of anorexia nervosa?

A
  • intense fear of gaining weight
  • eat very little even if hungry
  • distorted body image
82
Q

what criteria must someone meet to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa?

A
  • low weight
  • failed to gain weight for normal growth/ development
  • complications
83
Q

what does anorexia nervosa put someone at risk of? why?

A
  • re-feeding syndrome
  • dysrhythmias

imbalance of electrolytes

84
Q

avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (AFRID) can occur when?

A
  • any age/ sex
  • more common in younger ages
85
Q

what is avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (AFRID) very similar to?

A

anorexia

86
Q

what is the biggest exception between avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (AFRID) and anorexia nervosa?

A

no body distortion

87
Q

what is avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (AFRID) common in? why?

A
  • autism
  • might avoid foods due to colour or texture
88
Q

what are some available treatments for eating disorders and disordered eating?

A
  • medical stability
  • medications
  • nutritional counselling
  • psychotherapy
  • family therapy
89
Q

what are some medications available for the treatment of eating disorders and disordered eating?

A
  • antidepressants
  • antianxieties
  • antipsychotics
90
Q

when treating eating disorders and disordered eating, what is the first thing we want to do?

A

balance electrolytes and then deal with psychological components

91
Q

what are some nursing interventions that can be done outside of the hospital?

A
  • talk about mental health/ illness with everyone
  • decrease stigma to help ensure people bring-up concerns
  • advocate for more resources
  • take courses
92
Q

what are some nursing interventions that can be done for mental illness in the hospital?

A
  • decrease noise when possible
  • encourage calm activity
  • maintain routine
  • decrease lights
  • provide 1:1 time
  • provide opportunity for exercise
  • cultural connection
  • de-clutter space
  • distract/ encourage discussions about meaningful objects
  • adequate assessment

NRSG 329 (5 decks)

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