Week 5 - Mental Health/ Eating Disorders Flashcards
1
Q
what is the second leading cause of death for ages 15-19 years?
A
suicide
2
Q
what is the number 1 cause of death for paediatrics?
A
motor vehicle accidents
3
Q
what are the most common paediatric mental health disorders?
A
- neurodevelopment disorders
- mood & anxiety disorders
- substance misuse
- eating disorders/ disordered eating
4
Q
in regards to the most common paediatric mental health disorders, what is included in neurodevelopment disorders?
A
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorders (ADHD)
- autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
- conduct disorders (ODD)
5
Q
what does ODD stand for?
A
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
6
Q
in regards to the most common paediatric mental health disorders, what is included in mood and anxiety disorders?
A
- generalized anxiety
- PTSD
- depression
- suicide & self-harm
7
Q
in regards to the most common paediatric mental health disorders, what is included in eating disorders/ disordered eating?
A
- anorexia nervosa
- ARFID
8
Q
what does ARFID stand for?
A
Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
9
Q
for pediatrics where is neurodevelopment disorders most often seen in the hospital?
A
seen in their history
10
Q
is ARFID a common diagnosis?
A
no
11
Q
undiagnosed, untreated, or under-treated paediatric mental illnesses have been linked with what?
A
- school failure
- self-harm
- suicide attempts
- substance misuse
- violence
- homelessness
- incarceration
12
Q
what are some warning signs of mental illness in children?
A
- mood changes
- intense feelings
- behavior changes
- problems at school
- unexplained weight loss/gain/ change in appetite
- altered sleep
- risk taking behaviours
- altercations in secure relationships
- changes in previously enjoyed activities
13
Q
in regards to warning signs of mental illness in children, describe mood changes?
A
- lashing out more
- unregulated mood fluctuation outside of the normal
14
Q
in regards to warning signs of mental illness in children, describe behaviour changes?
A
- physical energy more negative
- normal behaviours all different
- isolating themselves
15
Q
warning signs of mental illness in children, describe problems at school?
A
- attendance or marks g down
- having more fights/ arguments with other kids
16
Q
warning signs of mental illness in children, describe altered sleep?
A
any type of different sleep that is different from their norm
17
Q
warning signs of mental illness in children, describe risk taking behaviours?
A
- invincible
- not taking others safety into consideration
- using substances
- unsafe sex/ unhealthy relationships
- self harm
18
Q
warning signs of mental illness in children, describe altercations in secure relationships?
A
- lashing out at parents/ friends
- breaking up with partner
- parents breaking up/ divorce
- normally between paediatric/ other person who is secure
19
Q
warning signs of mental illness in children, describe changes in previously enjoyed activities?
A
decrease in previous safe activities
20
Q
where is the best place to have conversations with a child as a parent? why?
A
- in a car
- can’t leave
- not looking at each other
21
Q
what are medical options available around care for a transgender patient?
A
- gender goals
- puberty blockers
- hormone therapy
- gender-affirming surgery
22
Q
what is gender identity?
A
how the person identifies themselves
23
Q
how does gender expression differ from identity?
A
someone could identify themselves as a different gender but express themselves as a different one
24
Q
what is gender dysphoria considered to be?
A
- mental illness
- classified in DSM5
25
what are the pros and cons of classifying gender dysphoria as a mental illness?
pro
- funding for therapy/ surgeries
con
- labelling person as ill
26
what is the definition of gender-dysphoria
what you feel on the inside doesn't match with what you see on the outside
27
what can healthcare providers support transgender paediatric patients?
- allow space for gender expression
- use preferred pronouns
- use preferred names
- state your own pronouns
- positive/ supportive conversations with family/ caregivers
- give resources to patient, family & school
- listen
- encourage family/ community to be a safe space
- referrals to groups, counselling
28
what is the most common neurodevelopment disorder?
ADHD
29
what are the 4 manifestations of ADHD?
- inattention
- easily distracted
- motor restlessness
- poor impulse control
30
what is ADHD strongly linked to ?
- genetic/ biological factors
- psychosocial factors
31
when is ADHD often diagnosed?
early school years usually before 7 years
32
true or false
many children have a learning disability when they have ADHD?
true
33
what are symptoms of ADHD?
- fidgeting/ squirming
- forgetfulness
- lots of talking/ going on tangents
- blurting things out
- not thinking before doing
- poor attention span
- hyper focused on things they are passionate about
34
what puts a child at a greater risk for having ADHD?
- brain injury
- environmental trauma
- mother used alcohol/ substances during pregnancy
- low birth weight
- premature
35
what are some treatments that can be used for ADHD?
- individual & family therapy
- stimulant medication
- complementary therapies
36
in regards to different treatments that can be used for ADHD, what is included in individual and family therapy?
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
37
in regards to different treatments that can be used for ADHD, what is included in stimulant medicatoin?
1. adderall
- amphetamine
- dextroamphetamine
2. ritalin
- methylphenidate
38
in regards to different treatments that can be used for ADHD, what is included in complementary therapies?
- yoga
- meditation
- nutritional counselling
- support groups
39
autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in what?
- social interactions
- communication
- repetitive behaviours
40
how early can autism spectrum disorder (ASD) be diagnosed? when is it well established?
- 1-2 years
- well established by 18 years
41
who can diagonsis a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Canada?
- pediatrician
- child psychologist
- child psychiatrist
42
what is assessed when a child is looked at for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Abilities in:
- cognition
- emotion
- intelligence
- language
43
cause is unknown but speculated to be related to what for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
- advanced parental age
- prematurity
- prenatal environment
- multiple genetic factors
44
what is included in the treatment and management for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
- no cure
- funding available
- treat any underlying medical/ psychiatric condition
- keep child safe
45
how do you keep a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) safe?
- clarity
- consistency
- simplicity
- continuation
46
which has more provincial funding available autism or ADHD?
autism
47
what does ODD stand for?
Oppositional Defiant Disorder
48
how does Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) develop?
gradually with increasing expression of:
- defiance
- negativism
- argumentativeness
- loss of temper
- hostility
- resistance
49
what are the risk factors for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?
- over/ under child-rearing
- low IQ
- child abuse
- family conflicts
- antisocial parents
50
Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is frequently comorbid with what?
- mood disorder
- ADHD
- anxiety
51
what are treatments for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?
- medication
- counseling/ problem solving therapy
- group therapy
- family therapy
52
what medications are available for the treatment of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?
- SSRI
- prozac
- zoloft
- paxil
53
what are the benefits for group therapy for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?
develop
- listening
- communication
- problem solving skills
54
what does family therapy for families with children who have Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) teach them?
behaviour management strategies for communication/ negotiating
55
is Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) higher in males or females?
males
56
anxiety disorders are what?
intense worries that go beyond the common fears for that are group
57
what are the 4 features of anxiety?
- interferes with ability to complete ADLs
- reason behind worry is unknown/ unclear
- logical explanation of worry does not decrease worry
- therapy and treatment can help
58
what are some common symptoms of anxiety ?
- excessive worrying
- sleep disturbances
- isolation
- physical symptoms
59
what are some possible complications of anxiety?
- insecurity
- strained relationships
- withdrawal from ag-appropriate activities
- decreased school/ cognitive performance
- self medicating
60
what are some treatments available for anxiety? (exam question, select all that apply)
- CBT
- family therapy
- supportive/ interpersonal therapy
- acceptance/ commitment therapy
- medications
61
what are common fears among infants?
- loud noises
- strangers
- loss of supports
62
what are common fears among toddlers?
- seperation
- toilets
- animals
63
what are common fears among preschoolers?
- darkness
- death
- injury
- supernatural
64
what are common fears among school-age?
- school
- appearance
- death
- alone
65
what are common fears among teens?
- future
- relationships
- failure
66
describe PTSD
reactionary anxiety disorder
67
when does PTSD occur?
after a life-threatening event or one that is perceived as such
68
PTSD may follow what?
single traumatic event or long-standing repeated events
69
symptoms of PTSD generally occur within what time frame of the event?
1 month
70
what are symptoms of PTSD?
- denial
- dissociation
- emotional changes
- regression
- separation anxiety
- fearfulness
71
what are the treatments available for PTSD?
- psychotherapy
- family therapy
- medications
72
what is one of the best forms of psychotherapy we can offer for patients with PTSD ?
EMDR
73
what is the most common mental health condition in adolescence?
depression
74
what are some symptoms of depression?
- fatigue
- suicidal ideation
- feelings of worthlessness
- decreased school performance
- changes in personal relationships
- weight loss/ gain
- change in attitude
- increased isolation
- loss of pleasure in usual activities
75
what are some treatments available for major depressive disorder?
- find underlying cause if there is one
- psychotherapy
- harm reduction
- hospital admission
- medications
76
surround depression, statistically males are more likely to engage in what while females are more likely to engage in what?
males more likely to engage in suicide attempts and completed
females more likely to engage in self harming behaviours
77
what are common forms of self harm?
- cutting into skin
- burning
- punching self
- banging head
78
what are some interventions nurses can do for patients who self harm or have attempted suicide?
- talking it out
- offer stickers/ markers for skin
- creative alternatives
- provide something to occupy their hands
- offer distraction
- journaling
79
who is at greatest risk for substance misuse?
adolescents
80
what are potential complications of substance misuse?
- overdose
- addiction
- dependance
- tolerance
81
what are the common signs/ symptoms of anorexia nervosa?
- intense fear of gaining weight
- eat very little even if hungry
- distorted body image
82
what criteria must someone meet to be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa?
- low weight
- failed to gain weight for normal growth/ development
- complications
83
what does anorexia nervosa put someone at risk of? why?
- re-feeding syndrome
- dysrhythmias
imbalance of electrolytes
84
avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (AFRID) can occur when?
- any age/ sex
- more common in younger ages
85
what is avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (AFRID) very similar to?
anorexia
86
what is the biggest exception between avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (AFRID) and anorexia nervosa?
no body distortion
87
what is avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (AFRID) common in? why?
- autism
- might avoid foods due to colour or texture
88
what are some available treatments for eating disorders and disordered eating?
- medical stability
- medications
- nutritional counselling
- psychotherapy
- family therapy
89
what are some medications available for the treatment of eating disorders and disordered eating?
- antidepressants
- antianxieties
- antipsychotics
90
when treating eating disorders and disordered eating, what is the first thing we want to do?
balance electrolytes and then deal with psychological components
91
what are some nursing interventions that can be done outside of the hospital?
- talk about mental health/ illness with everyone
- decrease stigma to help ensure people bring-up concerns
- advocate for more resources
- take courses
92
what are some nursing interventions that can be done for mental illness in the hospital?
- decrease noise when possible
- encourage calm activity
- maintain routine
- decrease lights
- provide 1:1 time
- provide opportunity for exercise
- cultural connection
- de-clutter space
- distract/ encourage discussions about meaningful objects
- adequate assessment
