WEEK 5: GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASE

Question 1

How many death from HIV/AIDS were there in 2015?

Answer 1

1.1 million

Question 2

In 2011, what percentage represented the HIV infection in low and middle income countries?

Answer 2

97%

Question 3

how many children under the age of 18 have lost at least one of their parents to aids and what effect does this have?

Answer 3

o Globally, more than 15 million children under 18 have lost one or both parents to AIDS
This leads too;
♣ Discrimination
♣ Neglect
♣ Adverse social determinants affecting child and whole family

Question 4

what are the challenges of tuberculosis and what are the social determinants involved?

Answer 4

o	Challenges:
♣	Multi-drug resistant TB
♣	Inefficient control and treatment
♣	Spread of HIV/AIDS
♣	Social determinants: Poverty, access to healthcare, poor nutrition, substandard housing

Question 5

which populations are at risk of Malaria?

Answer 5

♣ Deteriorating health systems
♣ Drug and insecticide resistance
♣ Climate change
♣ Civil unrest

Question 6

what are the risk factors in Non-communicable (chronic) diseases?

Answer 6

o Smoking
o Unhealthy diet
o Insufficient physical activity
o Harmful use of alcohol
o Have the greatest effects on developing countries
o Access to healthcare is limited in low and middle income countries

Question 7

Explain the inequalities in the improvements of health

Answer 7

Benefits in healths have not been distribute evenly around the world 
•	The gap in health outcomes has widened
o	Rich and poor countries
o	Higher and lower socioeconomic groups
o	Urban and rural populations

It is the populations living in poverty and unsafe conditions that suffer from poor healthcare systems

Question 8

What are some health system factors?

Answer 8

♣ Ineffective health systems
♣ Shortages of healthcare personnel
♣ Research and development not focused on the problems of poor countries
♣ Underinvestment in health care infrastructure
♣ Inefficient use of health care funding

Question 9

What are some economic and political factors in health?

Answer 9

♣ Unequal distribution of power, money and resources
♣ Underlying global political and economic factors
♣ Globalisation - “a process of growing integration of the world economy through the movement of goods, services, technology and labour across national borders”
♣ Third world debt
♣ Spending restrictions placed on governments by world lending organisations (World Bank, IMF) and donors
♣ Power of transnational corporations
♣ Unfair trade – trade liberalisation (Removal/reduction of “barriers to trade”)