Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology 1.2 > Week 5 GI- nausea, laxatives, anti-diarrhea > Flashcards

Week 5 GI- nausea, laxatives, anti-diarrhea Flashcards

1
Q

MOA

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

use

A

D2 Receptor antagonist (located in the chemo receptor trigger zone)

Metoclopramide is a D2 receptor antagonist 24. Chemical flasks: D2 receptor antagonists (metoclopramide) are used to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis 25. Pushing out brown liquid: Metoclopramide causes increased gastric emptying; can be used for gastroparesis 26. “Do not obstruct”: Metoclopramide is contraindicated in small bowel obstruction 27. Brown liquid: Diarrhea = adverse effect of D2 receptor antagonists including metoclopramide

antiemetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adverse Effects

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

A

CNS effects(larthargia), tardive dyskinesia, extrpyramidal effects, elevated prolactin, qt prolongation

23. Metal clogs: Metoclopramide is a D2 receptor antagonistCrying at judge: Depression = adverse effect of D2 receptor antagonists including metoclopramide 29. Passed out judge: Drowsiness + fatigue = adverse effect of D2 receptor antagonists including metoclopramide 30. “Extra” pyramid newspaper hat + stuck out tongue: Extrapyramidal symptoms + tardive dyskinesia (with chronic use) = adverse effects of D2 receptor antagonists including metoclopramide 31. “Now More Spicy!”: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome = adverse effect of D2 receptor antagonists including metoclopramide 32. Shooting milk upwards: Elevated prolactin levels. Torsades ribbon: QT prolongation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOA

Odansetron (Zofran)
Dolasetron (Anzemet) Granisetron (Sancus

use

A

Blocks 5-HT3 rececptors and 5-HT3 receptors in the vomiting center

13. Dancer blocking hammer throw: Ondansetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (blocks serotonin activation of 5-HT3 receptors in GI tract); others include granisetron, dolasetron, palonosetronChemical flask bottle, 14. radiation spotlight, bacteria lamp, scalpel javelin: 5-HT3 inhibitors (ondansetron) treat nausea and emesis induced by chemotherapy, radiation, GI infections, and surgery 16. Hit in the head: Headache + dizziness = adverse effects of 5-HT3 inhibitors (ondansetron) 17. Dancer’s torsading ribbon: QT prolongation = adverse effect of 5-HT3 inhibitors (ondansetron)

antiemetic- radiation therapy, surgery, gi infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Adverse Affects

ondansetron
Dolasetron (Anzemet) Granisetron (Sancus)

A

Head Headache, Constipation, Serotonin syndrome, prolonged QT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

MOA

Promethazine

use

A

H1 (promethazine) antagonist

19. Bee swatter: Antihistamines are H1 (histamine) receptor antagonists (first-generation antihistamines e.g. diphenhydramine, meclizine and promethazine can cross blood brain barrier to block H1 receptors) 20. Seasickness + life vests: H1 antagonists (antihistamines) + M1 antagonists (antimuscarinics) treat vestibular nausea (seasickness, motion sickness)

antiemetic/antipsychotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adverse effects

Promethazine

A

Anticholinergic effects, CNS depressions, hypotension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

moa

Prochlorperzine

use

A

D2 antagonist + M1 H1 antagonists

fallen off the rings kid

Antiemetic/ physc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Adverse affects

Prochlorperzine

A

Anticholinergic effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MOA

Aprepitant (Emend) Fosaprepitant (Emend for injection)

use

A

block Nk1 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone

all participants

antiemetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Adverse Effects

aprepitant (emind) Fosaprpitant (emend for injection)

A

fatigue, dizziness, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MOA

Psyllium (Metamucil)
methylcellulose(citrucel)

USE

A

absorbs water forming a gel that distends the colon and promotes peristalsis- slower acting, first line treatment for chronic constipation

Bulk Forming laxatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adverse effects

pysllium(metamucil)

A

abdominal pain, bloating, esophogeal obstruction, gi obstruction with large doses (avoid by taking with 8 oz of agua)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MOA

Docusate (colace)

use

A

reduce surface tension of stool, allowing water and lipids to penetrate and soften- quick acting

5. SURFboard: Surfactant agents (AKA stool softeners) soften stool by facilitating the penetration of water and lipids into the stool 6. DOCKusate: Docusate is a commonly used stool softener (often used in conjunction with senna) 7. Red cross: Use docusate in hospitalized patients to prevent constipation and minimize straining

stool softeners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

adverse effects

docusate (colace)

A

abdominal pain, throat irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MOA

PEG-Polyethulene glycol (miralax)
Lactulose (enulose)
Magnesium hydroxide
mg citrate (citroma)
na po4-

uses

A

nonabsorbable, cause osmotic retention of fluid in the colon, casuing distension and increased peristalisis. Very quick acting.
Lactulose- additionally lowers gi ph converting nh3 to nh4, used to treat hepatic encephalopathy.

8. Mineral bath: Osmotic laxatives (e.g. magnesium compounds, lactulose, polyethylene glycol) are non-absorbable substances that draw water into the intestinal lumen → distention → peristalsis 9. Magazine: Magnesium-based compounds (e.g. magnesium hydroxide, magnesium citrate) are osmotic laxatives 10. Mineral bath timer: Use magnesium-based laxatives to relieve acute constipation and prevent chronic constipation (e.g. milk of magnesia) 11. Shriveled kidney paperweight: Use magnesium-based agents cautiously in patients with chronic kidney disease to prevent development of hypermagnesemia 12. Mineral spa filter: Magnesium-based osmotic laxatives can bind to and prevent absorption of chelating drugs (e.g. tetracyclines) 13. Peg drain cover: Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is an osmotic laxative (non-absorbable sugar) 14. Drain cleaning: Polyethylene glycol is used for pre-procedural colonic cleansing 15. Relaxulose: Lactulose is an osmotic laxative (non-absorbable sugar) 16. Relaxing bubbles: Lactulose → metabolized by gut bacteria → cramping and flatus 17. Relaxulose in liver and brain coral tank: Lactulose is useful in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy

osmotic laxatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

adverse effects

Polyethulene glycol (miralax)
Lactulose (enulose)
Magnesium hydroxide
mg citrate (citroma)
na po4-

A

abdominal pain, nausea, diarhea, dehydration, flatulence- possible electrolyte imbalance at high dosage of salts

17
Q

MOA

bisacodyl (dulcolax)
senna

use

A

stimulate the enteric nervous system, increase rate of colonic motility, alter water and electrolyte secretion

25. Belly rub: Stimulant laxatives cause direct stimulation of the enteric nervous system (and colonic secretions) 26. Stimulating suntan lotion: Senna is a stimulant laxative a.k.a cathartic (stimulation of enteric nervous system and colonic secretions) 27. Sunny side effect: Chronic use of senna causes melanosis coli (a benign brown pigmentation of the colon resulting from the toxic effect of anthraquinones on colonic epithelial cells) 28. BICYCodal: Bisacodyl is a stimulant laxative (oral and rectal formulations) 29. Trashed peanuts + banana + wing: Continuous use of stimulant laxatives can cause hypokalemia, salt loss, and protein loss

stimulant laxative

18
Q

adverse effects

bisacodyl (dulcolax)
senna

A

gi toxicity, abd pain, nausea, diarhea

19
Q

MOA

mineral oil

use

A

oil lobricates fecal material, preventing water resoprtion from stool

lubricant laxatives

20
Q

adverse effects

mineral oil

A

abd. pain nausea, diarrhea, lipd pneumonitis if aspiration occurs

21
Q

MOA

Methylnaltrexone (Relistor)
Naloxegol (Movantik)

use

A

block intestinal mu opiod receptors

opiod receptor antagonsits

22
Q

adverse effects

Methylnaltrexone (Relistor)
Naloxegol (Movantik)

A

abd. pain, Gi perforation, opiod withdrawl

23
Q

MOA

Loperamide (imodium)
Diphenoxylate/atropine (lomotil)

use

A

bind to opiod receptores in inestines, inhibiting peristaliss and increasing transit time.

opiod agonisist for diarrhea

24
Q

adverse effects

Loperamide (imodium)
Diphenoxylate/atropine (lomotil)

A

Loperamide- drowsiness, bradycardia, respiratory depression, arrhythmias
Diphenoxylate/atropine- anticholinergic effects+ opioid effects

25
Q

MOA

cholestyramine (questran)

USE

A

bind excess fecal bile acids

bile acid sequestrants

26
Q

Adverse effects

cholestryramine (questran)

A

constipation, bloating, flatulence, GI obstruction

27
Q

moa

Bismuth subsalicylate

use

A

stimulate absorption of fluid and electrolytes across the intestinal wall, inhibits inflammation and hypermotility.

28
Q

advrese effects

bismuth subsalicylate

A

black stool and toungue, salicylate toxicity

Pharmacology 1.2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions