Week 5 - Face Injuries Flashcards
How are nasal fractures typically diagnosed and treated?
-Diagnosed with physical exam + facial X-Ray
- Treated with medication (pain) and splint
What is the MOI for a Mandibular fracture? What are its S+S? ( 6 main ones)
Blunt force
S+S: Swelling, deformity, pain, malocclusion, asymmetry and crepitus
What is the biggest risk for soft tissue injuries? How are they usually treated?
-These are typically non-life threatening, biggest risk is infection!
- Treated with anesthesia and a good cleaning!!!!
What is a LeFort I? How are they diagnosed? And what are its S+S? (7 main ones)
Maxilla separated above palate
S+S: Mobile hard palate and upper teeth, edema, ecchymosis, epistaxis, malocclusion, pain, numbness
*Main presentation is the hard palate of upper mouth will be separated and move a bit (mobility of upper palate)
Diagnosed with: Clinical presentation + Xray / CT
Complications of a LeFort II? What do they require?
Non-union, lengthening of midface, lacrimal obstruction
-Can have complete vision changes, complete facial deformities, a lot more cranial nerve involvement
Requires a significant amount of surgery
How are maxillary fractures usually caused? how are they classified?
Caused by MVA’s, Falls, Assaults, etc. (Significant blunt force), Classified by where the maxilla is broken!
What is a LeFort II? How are they diagnosed? And what are its S+S?
Maxilla separated with nasal complex and palate - This now includes the nasal structures – nose seperates with upper palate
Diagnosed with X-ray, CT, Exam
S+S: Pain, numbness, malocclusion, mobility of midface, edema, epistaxis, ecchymosis (black eyes)
What are examples of soft tissue injuries?
Contusions (Bruse), Abrasions (Scrape), Lacerations (Cut)
What are nasal fractures typically caused by?
Typically caused by blunt force trauma (Ex. Punched)
What is the the cornerstones of treating maxillofacial trauma?
Maxillofacial surgery is one of the cornerstones of treating maxillofacial trauma
S+S of a nasal fractue? (Bony injury)
S+S: Swelling, bleeding, deformity, crepitus (bone popping, cracking, clicking sound)
Complications of a LeFort I? (3 main ones)
Loss of teeth, infection, malocclusion
What makes nasal fractures for kids different than adults?
Kids have more cartilage compared to adults so it’s more of a fracture Vs. break for them
What is a LeFort III? How are they diagnosed? And what are its S+S? What causes them?
Complete craniofacial separation - Top of skull is separated from the mid face above the nose
S+S: Massive edema, ecchymosis, epistaxis, malocclusion, pain, conjunctival hemorrhage, vision changes, facial deformities
Diagnosed: Clinical Examination (cranial nerves) + CT Scan
HUGE amount of blunt force trauma would cause this
How do we diagnose + treat a mandibular fracture?
Diagnosis:
Physical Examination
Tongue Blade Bite Test
X-Ray
Treatment:
Splints?
Surgical
Complications of a LeFort II? (4 main ones) (What is the main difference compared to type 1)?
Non-union, malunion, orbital nerve anesthesia, diplopia
Different from type 1 is there can be vison impact
