Week 1 - Introduction to Trauma and Injury + MOI of Injury Flashcards
Explain what a blunt injury is? What are some MOIs that cause a blunt injury?
Skin intact
Energy more widespread - Energy transfer is going to hit more of our organs and be more deadly due to the energy hitting different areas
More life-threatening
Causes: MVA, horse riding, hockey fights
What is the leading cause of death in Canada among those younger than 40-45?
Trauma
90% of injuries are?
Preventabale
What are the personal, health, social, and cost impacts of trauma?
Personal: chronic pain, psych impacts
Social: Use of resources to help treat a fall/rehab a fall
Health: How it impacts their ability to live their day–to–day life and their ability to live
Cost: VERY expensive!!! ( Ex.nero surgery and the rehab it requires)
What is the AIS? Why do we have it in place?
AIS System is used for more stat purposes so that we can understand the context and recurance rates of the injurys
Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS):
Score from 1-6
1= minor
6= fatal
What is the most complex type of injury?
Mechanical/Kinetic energy MOIs
What does trauma MOI refer to?
-In any trauma MOI refers to the transfer of energy from an external force to a human body
-Energy can exert mild to tremendous injury/damage to a human body
What are the 4 different types of injurys from a blast injury? What is a blast MOI?
Blast= mechanical/kinetic energy
Primary: Air hitting your body
Secondary: Being hit by the debere from that blast
Tertiary: You being moved from the blast (Body being thrown into wall)
Quaternary: Resulting fires that occur due to the blast
Why do we care about the MOI (energy transfer)?
-They allow us to understand what type of injury the patient is going to have/what we are going to deal with (helps us to narrow down our assessment findings so that we can understand what is causing the injury)
-Helps us to understand what we need to prioritize as nurses for our assessments and possible interventions that we may need to do
-Different types of energy transfer (Kinetic, Thermal, Electrical, Chemical) mean different mechanisms of injury (Falls, Burns, Explosions, Stabbings)
Different mechanisms of injury (Falls, Burns, Stabbings) lets us ‘guess’ what kind of signs/symptoms/interventions we might need!
Explain a blast injury
Shock waves from blasts (bombs, etc.) have the potential to cause injury:
Primary: The blast wave that hits you
Secondary: The fragments that hits you and causes injury (rock hitting you)
Tertiary: The body being thrown and hitting the ground
Quaternary: Resulting burns that occur after this
What is the definition of trauma?
Any injury to human tissues and organs resulting from the transfer of energy from the environment. Injuries are caused by some form of energy that is beyond the body’s resilience to tolerate”
An injury is any (blank) resulting from an (blank)?
An injury is any specific or identifiable bodily impairment or damage resulting from an acute exposure to:
1.) Thermal energy
2.) Mechanical/Kinetic Energy
3.) Chemical energy
4.) Ionizing radiation energy
5.) Or the absence of essential energy such as heat or oxygen
What are the 6 different MOI’s for an injury?
1.) Electric energy
2.) Thermal energy
3.) Mechanical energy/Kinetic energy
4.) Chemical energy
5.) Radioactive/radiation energy
6.) absence of essential energy such as heat or oxygen
What is the definition of Injury?
It is the PHYSICAL damage that results when a human body is suddenly subjected to energy in amounts that exceed the threshold of physiological tolerance – or else the result of a lack of one or more vital elements such as oxygen.”
What are Falls considered
A serious form of traumatic injury and considered a major health crisis
What are the 3 different kind of mechanical/Kinetic energy MOIs?
Mechanical/Kinetic Energy - MOIs:
1.) Blunt (Accelerating, Decelerating, or Crush)
Accelerating (stop to moving)
Decelerating (moving to stop)
Crush (pinned between two objects – squeeeeeeezed)
2.) Penetrating (Low, Medium, High Velocity)
3.) Blast (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary)
What is the impact of trauma? (4 different ones)
Long-term disability
Personal and social impact
Health and wellbeing
Health resource utilization
Why are crush injuries dangerous?
Dangerous due to all of the electrolytes rushing back into the system once the object is removed from the body and can cause cardiac arrest!!!
What is the trauma injury dependent on? (3 things)
The injury is dependent on the
1 - mass of the object,
2 - the mass of the human/body part and
3 - the rate in which it is applied (velocity
What is a penetrating injury? what are they typically caused by?
Penetrating Injuries:
Open injury
Small body area
More predictable
Causes: GSW, stab, impalment
