week 5- Diseases spread by Rodent ( American hemorrhagic fever)

Question 1

Different modes of transmission for American Hemorrhagic fever ?

Answer 1

1) Inhalation( most common mode of transmission by rodent which an arousal generated from infected excreta such as urine feces and saliva. ( air born route by inhaling aerosol of rodent urine, feces or saliva)
2) Ingestion( ingestion of food contaminated by rodent excreta )
3) Direct penetration: ( This could be infected dust in the field) through
– Contact with contaminated materials
– Abrasions in skin
4) Limited human-human transmission: In this transmission when proper barrier techniques are not maintained, will be transmitted to human . The only virus is Machupo virus.
Low numbers of virus particles required for infection ( one of the reasons that these are very important and also the fact that they are source of war far agents ).
1-10 infectious particles

Question 2

Hemorrhagic fever signs and symptoms?

Answer 2

–	Incubation period: 7-14 days , 
–	Fever
–	Sore throat
–	Myalgia ( muscle pain) 
–	Headache
–	Anorexia
–	Nausea
–	Vomiting
–	Petechial rash ( tiny red spots on the skin due to breakage of red blood cells or leakage of them under the skin).

Question 3

Hemorrhagic fevers severe signs and symptoms?

Answer 3

Hemorrhage
–	Nose bleed
–	Bleeding gums
–	Bloody vomit
–	Gastrointestinal bleeding
–	Limited involvement of vascular endothelium
•	Changes in clotting factors

Question 4

Certain complication as a result Of Hemorrhagic fevers?

Answer 4

Illness last 10 to 14 days and the mortality rate is 35%. 
•	Pneumonia
–	Pulmonary edema
–	Hemorrhage
–	Neurological symptoms
–	Sleepiness
–	Tremors
–	Difficulty walking
–	Convulsions
–	Coma
–	Deafness

Question 5

• Diagnosis of these American Hemorrhagic fever

Answer 5

• Primarily antibody-based
RT-PCR assays.
Virus isolation
– BSL4 conditions

Question 6

Treatment of American hemorrhagic fevers /

Answer 6

Ribavirin
Antibodies
– Convalescent plasma
– Whole blood
– Immunoglobulin
– Treatments are not effective against old-world arenavirus (Lassa)
• Rodent control around the homes, viruses that coming to our house and getting in to the food
• Barrier protection for health care workers specially for jinin as well as others
• Live-attenuated vaccine
– Junin virus
• 95% effacacy argine hf and machupo
– Cross-protective against Machupo virus
– Not protective against Guanarito virus or venezulinan virus.

Question 7

Prevention of American hemorrhagic fever

Answer 7

• Rodent control around the homes, viruses that coming to our house and getting in to the food
• Barrier protection for health care workers specially for jinin as well as others
• Live-attenuated vaccine
– Junin virus
• 95% effacacy argine hf and machupo
– Cross-protective against Machupo virus
– Not protective against Guanarito virus or venezulinan virus.

Question 8

Please do not forget to study the chart that I have attached to my email.

Answer 8

Thanks :)