Week 5 - Depression Flashcards
1
Q
Neurotransmitter imbalances
A
serotonin(sleep, appetite, sexual behaviour and mood), noradrenaline (recognize and respond to stress), dopamine(reward and pleasure), glutamate
2
Q
Brain atrophy
A
loss of volume in the hippocampus (emotional centre)
3
Q
Endocrine system
A
hormonal imbalances –hypothalamus/pituitary gland/stress hormones
4
Q
Specific symptoms (5 present nearly every day)
A
Depressed mood or irritable –most of the day, most days (subjective/objective) Decreased interest or pleasure in most activities Significant appetite or weight change Change in sleep Change in activity –agitation or retardation Fatigue or loss of energy Guilt/worthlessness Reduced concentration Suicidality
5
Q
Severity of Depression
A
Mild/transient –some symptoms evident, extra effort to achieve things, minor disruption social/occupational function Feeling sad, part of life, not a disease Moderate –more depressive symptoms evident, increased occupational and social impairment Intense sadness, dejection, Severe –marked impairment in social and occupational functioning, may include psychotic features Dysthymia –chronic mild depression
6
Q
Aspects of nursing assessment and planning and care
A
Develop a Therapeutic Relationship -collaboration Identify main symptoms/diagnosis (exclude possible organic causes) Assess suicide risk –plan, access Highlight areas that require intervention: goals and management plan Depressed mood, inactivity, sleep, appetite … Education and support Structured problem solving, sleep hygiene, exercise, increase appetite, relaxation training Identify baseline to measure improvements
7
Q
Treatment and intervention options
A
Medication –anti-depressant medications (SSRI, SNRI, Tricyclics …) Psychotherapy (CBT, Interpersonal Therapy, DBT, ACT, Problem Solving, Mindfulness) Electro -convulsive therapy Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
8
Q
Non-medicated treatment options
A
Relaxation –meditation, yoga, breathing exercises … Psycho -education –illness, medications, early warning signs … Improving sleep Activity and exercise Aromatherapy, Art therapy, Music therapy, Pet therapy, Humour therapy …
