Week 5 - D - Ovulation disorders Flashcards
What hormone made in the hypothalamus causes the release of GnRH and the sequence of events following?
The kisspeptin hormone causes the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus
What hormone can be used to check if a female is ovulating or not? Checked on day 21 of the menstrual cycle
The hormone progesterone
Its levels rise after ovulation as the corpus luteum forms from the remnant follicular cells after ovulation
What is the moment in which the developing oocyte is released? What is it known as when the period becomes and why does this happen?
Ovulation is when the developing oocyte is released
Menses is when the uterus lining sheds causing bleeding
What is defined as oligomenorrhea in woman?
reduction in frequency of periods to less than 9/year
What is the failure of menarche by age 16 known as?
Primary amenorrhea
What is secondary amenorrhea defined as?
cessation of periods for >6 months in an individual who has previously menstruated
What are two physiological causes of amenorrhea?
Pregancny and post-menopause
Primary amenorrhea is ually thought to be a congenital disorder (can be causes by something else eg prolactinoma from a young age) What are the two congenital disorders?
Turner’s syndrome
Kallman’s syndrome
Which congenital disorder is caused by having the 45X cromosome where there is a full missing Xchromosome? Is this disorder in males or females?
Tuner’s syndrome
Only in females
What are features of tuner’s syndrome found in women?
Short stature
infertility – due to underdeveloped ovaries
Puberty failing to arrive
Congenital heart defects in 50% of females
is a form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). Congeneital condition that is a form of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) and therefore children cannot go through puberty?
Anosmia and isolated GnRH deficiency → Kallmann’s syndrome
What are four causes of secondary amenorrhea? what can cause hypothalamic dysfunction? this causes amenorrhea also
Polycyctic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Premature ovarian failure
Hyperprolactinaemia
Hypopituitarism
Hypothalamic dysfuntion - weigh loss, stress, over exercise
What are symptoms of oestrogen deficicency? (give name for the difficult/painful sex)
Flushing
reduced Libido
Dysparenuia - difficult or painful sexual intercourse
In all patients with amenorrhea, what hormone levels should be investigated?
LH, FSH
Prolactin
Oestradiol,
Testosterone
Thyroid function
When should the patients karyotype be investigated?
In cases of primary amenorrhea or suspected turner’s syndroem
Primary hypogonadism causing amenorrhea is to do with a problem due to the ovaries What are the hormone levels in primary hypogonadism? (clue - it is hypergonadotropic hypogonadism)
the ovaries have stopped working characterized by a
high LH/FSH in combination with low oestogen