Clinical Skills 1 - BMI/Waist to hip ratio and urinalysis Flashcards
How is the BMI calculated?
Measure the height of an individual in metres and the weight in kg
BMI = kg / m2
What BMI values are:
Underweight
Normal weight
Overweight
Obese
Morbidly obese
Underweight - 40
BMI is only a fairly accurate risk indicator
What are its limitations?
Does not take into account height loss with increasing age
Muscle mass instead of fat
Body shape of a person in general
What has been suggested to assess long term risk instead of BMI?
How are the measurements done?
Waist to hip ratio
Measure circumference at hips - anterior superior iliac crests
Measure circumference at waist - half way between superior iliac crests and bottom of rib cage
What waist to hip ratio is unhealthy for a woman?
What is unhealthy for a man?
How is the ratio calculated?
Ratio for women - >0.85
Ratio for a man - >0.9
calculated by dividing the waist circumference in inches by the hip circumference in inches
What conditions may the doctor carry out a urinalysis for?
Diabetes mellitus
kidney disease
liver disease
urinary tract infection
When carrying out a urinalysis test
After gaining consent,explaining procedure and putting on aprons and gloves, what do we do to check the urine sample and the testing strips before removing a strip?
Urine sample check - note colour and clarity of urine and the odour
Tetsing strips - check container contains the correct strips and note the expiry date of the strips before removing one strip
Once removed a strip, replace lid of container, Dip test strip in urine ensuring that all reagent pads are immersed.
Tap strip on side of specimen container to remove excess urine.
Immediately commence timing of strip, using a watch with a
second hand.
How long should you wait for checking each result?
Wait approx 10 seconds for each result
Start with glucose and work up to leucocytes
What can a clouded appearance of urine indicate?
Indicates infectiion - UTI
What does a high protein on urinalysis indicate?
Kidney disease
If the urine dipstick test is positive for glucose and ketones, what can this be?
Can indicate DKA showing diabetes
If the urine has a highly aklaline or acidic pH what can this be?
Kidney stones
What is usually measured on urinalysis?
Glucose
Protein
Bilirubin
Ketones
Nitrites
Haemoglobin
Leucocytes
Specific gravity
What is bilirubin in the urine a sign of?
Extra hepatic jaundice
What is leucocytes and nitrites in the urine a sign of?
Sign of UTI
