Week 5: Cell Metabolism

Question 1

Do saturated or unsaturated fatty acids have more energy?

Answer 1

Saturated fatty acids have more energy than unsaturated fatty acids because there are more CH bonds in a saturated fatty acid

Question 2

What are the five characteristic of metabolic pathways?

Answer 2

1. Chemical transformations occur in a series of separate, intermediate reactions that form a metabolic pathway
2. Each reaction is catalyzed by a specific enzyme(keeps the reaction controlled
3. Metabolic pathways are similar in all organisms
4. Many are comaprtmentalized(in eukaryotes)
5. Each pathway is controlled by one or a few key enzymes that can be inhibited or activated

Question 3

In cells, energy-transforming reactions are often ___________________(1). An _________________(2) reaction is coupled to an energy requiring(___________________)(3) reaction. Two coupling molecules are the coenzymes _________________(4)

Answer 3

(1) coupled
(2) energy releasing(exergonic)
(3) endergonic
(4) ATP and NADH

Question 4

What are three examples of exergonic metabolic reactions? What are three examples of an endergonic reaction?

Answer 4

Exergonic
- Cell respiration
- Catabolism
Hydrolysis of ATP

Endergonic
- Active transport
- Cell movements
- Anabolism

Question 5

The more reduced/oxidized a molecules is, the more energy is stored in its bonds.

Answer 5

reduced

Question 6

when a molecule ___________(1) a hydrogen atom, it becomes oxidized

Answer 6

(1) loses

Question 7

What is a coenzyme? What coenzyme do cells use as an electron carrier in redox reactions?

Answer 7

A substance that enhances the action of an enzyme

Cells use coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD) as an electron carrier in redox reactions

Question 8

Is NAD+ the oxidized or reduced form?

Answer 8

NAD+ is the oxidized form

NADH is the reduced form

Question 9

The empirical formula of naturally made made fatty acids have _______________(1). Man made fatty acids can have ________________(2) in the empirical formula.

Answer 9

(1) even numbers
(2) odd numbers

Question 10

Does entropy increase/decrease in endergonic and exergonic reactions?

Answer 10

Entropy increases in exergonic reactions

Entropy decreases in ender sonic reactions

Question 11

Are catabolic reaction spontaneous?

Answer 11

yes