Week 5 - Bones Flashcards

1
Q

One function of this long bone structure is the storage of energy in the form of triglycerides.

a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow

A

e) marrow

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2
Q

This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones.

a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow

A

b) epiphysis

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3
Q

This is the shaft of a long bone.

a) diaphysis
b) epiphysis
c) metaphysis
d) periosteum
e) marrow

A

a) diaphysis

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4
Q

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint.

a) periosteum
b) distal epiphysis
c) nutrient foramen
d) articular cartilage
e) epiphyseal plate

A

d) articular cartilage

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5
Q

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the diaphysis to grow in length.

a) periosteum
b) distal epiphysis
c) nutrient foramen
d) articular cartilage
e) epiphyseal plate

A

e) epiphyseal plate

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6
Q

This is the region of long bone found between the diaphysis and the epiphysis.

a) epiphyseal plate
b) epiphyseal line
c) metaphysis
d) diaphyseal line
e) diaphyseal plate

A

c) metaphysis

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7
Q

This is the fibrous covering on the surface of bone that is involved in thickening of the bone.

a) periosteum
b) endosteum
c) marrow
d) epiphysis
4) metaphysis

A

a) periosteum

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8
Q

Which of the following selections lists bone cells in the order from unspecialized stem cell to highly specialized mature bone cell?

a) osteogenic cells, osteoclasts, osteocytes
b) osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes
c) osteogenic cells, osteocytes, osteoblasts
d) osteoblasts, osteogenic cells, osteocytes
e) None of the above

A

b) osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes

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9
Q

Which of the following structures contain osteocytes?

a) haversian canals
b) Volkmann’s canals
c) concentric lamelle
d) lacunae
e) canaliculi

A

d) lacunae

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10
Q

These are the extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid.

a) Volkmann’s canals
b) haversian canals
c) osteons
d) canaliculi
e) periosteum

A

d) canaliculi

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11
Q

Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned:

a) horizontal to the metaphysis
b) parallel to the epiphysis
c) along lines of stress
d) randomly between the epiphyseal plates
e) parallel to the perforating canals

A

c) along lines of stress

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12
Q

Which of the following statements about bone remodelling is FALSE?

a) It occurs throughout your lifetime
b) It involves bone resorption
c) It involves bone deposition
d) It occurs at different rates at different locations
e) It occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone

A

e) It occurs at a faster rate in compact bone than spongy bone

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13
Q

Which of the following correctly lists the order of the four zones of cartilage found within the growth plate starting at the epiphysis and extending to the diaphysis?

a) calcified cartilage, resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage
b) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, calcified cartilage, hypertrophic cartilage
c) proliferating cartilage, resting cartilage, hypotrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage
d) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypotrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage
e) hypertrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage, proliferating cartilage, resting cartilage

A

d) resting cartilage, proliferating cartilage, hypotrophic cartilage, calcified cartilage

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14
Q

During adulthood, which of the following does NOT significantly contribute to bone remodeling and growth?

a) parathyroid hormones
b) vitamin d
c) epinephrine
d) sex steroids
e) human growth hormone

A

c) epinephrine

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15
Q

This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children.

a) open
b) comminuted
c) impacted
d) greenstick
e) stress

A

d) greenstick

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16
Q

About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?

a) rib
b) clavicle
c) humerus
d) ulna
e) tibia

A

e) tibia

17
Q

Which of the following conditions is characterized by reduced bone mass due to a decreased rate of bone synthesis to a level too low to compensate for normal bone resorption?

a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) osteomyelitis
c) osteophytes
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia

A

e) osteopenia

18
Q

Which of the following conditions is a cancer affecting osteoblasts?

a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) rickets
c) osteomalacia
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia

A

a) osteogenic sarcoma

19
Q

Which of the following conditions is observed in adults when new bone formed during bone remodeling fails to calcify?

a) osteogenic sarcoma
b) rickets
c) osteomalacia
d) osteoarthritis
e) osteopenia

A

c) osteomalacia

20
Q

Osteomalacia is a disease in which inadequate calcification of the bone matrix results in bones becoming soft or rubbery to the point that they become very fragile and fracture easily. Hypersecretion of which of the following hormones would produce similar changes in bone?

a) calcitonin
b) calcitriol
c) PTH
d) growth hormone
e) epinephrine

A

c) PTH

21
Q

During endochondral ossification in a fetus, bones initially develop as a carilage model surrounded by a connective tissue covering called the:

a) periosteum
b) endosteum
c) perichondrium
d) perimysium
e) trabeculae

A

c) perichondrium