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FNN 301 > Week 5 - Anemia > Flashcards

Week 5 - Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

Which components that make up the hematological system?

A
  1. blood
  2. blood vessels
  3. bone marrow
  4. spleen
  5. other tissue

BOBBS
Bob only buys blue socks

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2
Q

Which components make up blood?

A

NNEWT-RMP!

nutrients
nitrogenous waste
electrolytes
white blood cells
transport proteins
red blood cells
minerals
platelets

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3
Q

Please give the breakdown percentages of blood

A

45% RBCS (hematocrit)
55% plasma (water, protein, electrolytes)
1% buffy coat (white blood cells, platelets)

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4
Q

What is considered adequate calcium intake?

A

1000-1200 mg/day

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5
Q

what is considered vitamin D intake?

A

800-2000 IU/day

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6
Q

How do you diagnose osteoporosis?

A
  1. use DEXA scan, and compare t-score to WHO t-score
  2. use FRAX to estimate risk of hip and osteoporosis
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7
Q

What t-score indicates osteoporosis

A

< -2.5

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8
Q

Why is smoking a risk factor for osteoporosis?

A
  1. nicotine and cadmium are toxic to osteopblasts
  2. tobacco smoke reduced intestinal calcium absorption
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9
Q

What are the different components of the hematological system?

A

BOBBS! Bob only buys blue socks

Blood
Other
Blood vessels
Bone Marrow
Spleen

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10
Q

What are the different components that make up blood?

A

NNEWT-RMP

Nutrients
Nitrogenous Waste
Electrolytes
White Blood Cells
Transport proteins
RBCS
Minerals
Platelets

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11
Q

What is the % breakdown of blood?

A

RBCs - 45%
Plasma - 55%
buffy coat - 1% - Platelets and WBCs

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12
Q

What is plasma made up of?

A

water, protein, hormones, electrolytes

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13
Q

What is hematocrit?

A

It is the % of blood volume taken up by RBCs

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14
Q

Hemoglobin has 2 alpha chains and 2 beta chains. What are 2 differences between the alpha and beta chains?

A
  1. their ability to carry oxygen
  2. their resistance to binding
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14
Q

What does mean cell volume measure?

A

it measures the average size of the RBC!

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14
Q

What is RDW? WHat does it measure?

A

Red cell distribution width
it measures the variation in size of RBCs

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14
Q

What does mean corpuscular hemoglobin measure?

A

It measures how much hemoglobin there is in each RBC

14
Q

What is CBC?

A

complete blood count

15
Q

What is the most common blood lab test?

A

CBC

16
Q

Diagnosis of nutritional anemia is based on which 2 factors:

A
  1. cell size
  2. hemoglobin content
17
Q

iron-deficiency anemia is an example of:

A

microcytic anemia

18
Q

What causes microcytic anemia?

A

the body is having problem making hemoglobin

19
Q

Spoon-shaped nails
PICA
Restless leg syndrome

Are all signs of:

A

iron-deficiency anemia

20
Q

What are the initial recommended tests in order to diagnose iron deficiency anemia?

A
  1. Complete blood count
  2. serum ferritin
21
Q

Serum ferritin is often recommended as an initial test for assessing iron deficiency. What levels of serum ferritin would indicate iron deficiency, possible iron deficiency, or normal iron levels?

A

Iron deficiency:
- <12 ug/L in kids
- <15 ug/L in adults

Possible iron deficiency:
- 12 ug/L - 30 ug/L in kids
- 15 ug/L - 30 ug/L in adults

Normal serum ferritin levels - 30 - 200 ug/L

Target ferritin levels are 50-100

22
Q

What does measuring hemoglobin and hematocrit levels tell us?

What is considered normal hemoglobin and hematocrit levels?

A

Severity of anemia

It does not tell us if it is iron deficiency anemia

Hemoglobin:
140g/L men
120-160g/L women

Hematocrit:
0.4-0.54 men
0.37-0.47 women

23
Q

What does mean corpuscular volume tell us? What is the normal range?

A

tells us if the person as microcytic or macrocytic anemia

Normal range: 76-100fL

24
Q

What is the incidence of IDA in developing countries?

A

45%

25
Q

What is the incidence of IDA in developing worldwide?

A

25%

26
Q

What is the incidence of IDA in worldwide pediatrics?

A

47%

27
Q

What is the incidence of IDA in canadian preschoolers?

A

30%

28
Q

What is the incidence of IDA in regular women?

A

30%

29
Q

which races are most at risk for IDA?

A

Mexican americans
hispanic blacks

30
Q

what % of pregnant women have IDA?

A

41%

31
Q

What % of kids under 2 have IDA?

A

47%

32
Q

What are 4 consequences of iron deficiency anemia?

A
  1. growth restriction
  2. impaired physical endurance
  3. impaired neurodevelopment
  4. low birth weight
33
Q

Why do people get IDA?

A
  1. contaminants, like lead
  2. too much CuMnCaZn
  3. bad absorption
  4. increased needs
  5. blood loss
34
Q

When recommending iron supplements to patients, what parameters should you recommend?

A
  • amount: 100-200 mg
  • when: 1-2 hours before eating (needs stomach acid)
  • with what: without any other medication, except with 600-1200 mg vitamin C
35
Q

What are ways people can increase iron intake ?

A
  • use cast iron
  • take vitamin C
  • increase consumption of heme iron
  • lucky fish
36
Q

What is the RDA for iron?

A

kids - 8 mg/day
adults - 18 mg/day
pregnant adults - 27 mg/day
pregnant vegetarians - 49 mg/day

37
Q
A

FNN 301 (10 decks)

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