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BIOM 2021 - Lab > Week 5 and 6 - Organs and Vessels > Flashcards

Week 5 and 6 - Organs and Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major organ systems?

A
  • Respiratory system
  • Digestive system
  • Urinary system
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2
Q

What makes up the respiratory system?

A
  • Trachea
  • Lungs
  • Diaphragm
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3
Q

Trachea

A

Anterior rings of cartilage

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4
Q

Lungs

A

7 lobes in cats and 5 lobes in humans
- Less on the left side because the heart takes up space

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5
Q

Diaphragm

A

Composed of skeletal muscle
- Once removed from the ribs, it lies primarily on top of the liver and stomach

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6
Q

What makes up the digestive system?

A
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, mesentery)
  • Large intestine/colon (cecum, ascending, transverse, descending)
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Spleen
  • Pancreas
  • Greater omentum
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7
Q

Esophagus

A

Flattened muscular tube located dorsal to the trachea

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8
Q

Stomach

A

Food travels from the mouth, down the esophagus, and into the stomach
- Found on left side of the abdominal cavity

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9
Q

Small intestine

A
  • Duodenum: First part right off the stomach (C-shaped)
  • Jejunum: Middle part
  • Ileum: Last part found right before the beginning of the large intestine
  • Mesentery: Double-fold of peritoneum (provides a route for blood vessels)
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10
Q

Large intestine/Colon

A
  • Cecum: Blind-ended pouch at the junction between the ileum and ascending colon (where the appendix is found in humans - not in cats though)
  • Ascending, transverse, and descending - found in cats and humans
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11
Q

Liver

A

5 lobes in cats, 4 lobes in humans
- Right side of the abdominal cavity
- 2nd largest organ

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12
Q

Gallbladder

A

Found within the liver and stained green in most specimens

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13
Q

Spleen

A

Located farther to the left than the stomach
- Lymphoid organ not a digestive organ
- Filters blood and recycles blood cells, hence its dark red colour

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14
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Found within the “C” of the duodenum
  • Resembles a tadpole with the head lying with the duodenum
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15
Q

Greater omentum

A
  • Also known as the fatty apron
  • Stores abdominal fat and used as protection
  • Hangs off stomach and surrounds most abdominal organs
  • Aids in trying to prevent the spread on infection within the peritoneal cavity
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16
Q

What makes up the urinary system?

A
  • Kidney
  • Ureter
  • Urinary bladder
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17
Q

Kidney

A
  • Located retroperitoneal (retro = behind, peritoneal = peritoneum)
  • Affixed to the posterior abdominal wall with connective tissue and fat
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18
Q

Ureter

A

Thin tube draining urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

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19
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Collapsible sac where urine is stored prior to being excreted

20
Q

Generally, what does the size of the blood vessel indicate?

A

How much blood it supplies

21
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry blood away from the heart

22
Q

What are the 19 arteries?

A
  • Ascending aorta
  • Aortic arch
  • Descending thoracic aorta
  • Left subclavian artery
  • Brachiocephalic trunk/artery (left and right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery)
  • Descending abdominal aorta
  • Celiac trunk (hepatic, gastric, and splenic artery)
  • Superior mesenteric artery
  • Renal artery
  • Inferior mesenteric artery
  • Left and right external iliac artery
  • Left and right internal iliac artery
  • Femoral artery
23
Q

Ascending aorta

A

First part of the aorta coming up and out of the heart
- Exits the left ventricle

24
Q

Aortic arch

A

2 branches in cats and 3 branches in humans

25
Q

Descending thoracic aorta

A

Aorta descends heading towards the diaphragm

26
Q

Left subclavian artery

A

Branches off the arch directly and travel below the clavicle to supply the left upper limb

27
Q

Brachiocephalic trunk/artery

A
  • 3 branches in cats
  • Left and right common carotid artery - ascend to supply the head and neck
  • Right subclavian artery - supplies right upper limb
28
Q

Descending abdominal aorta

A

Once the descending thoracic aorta pierces through the diaphragm

29
Q

Celiac trunk

A

First major branch off the abdominal aorta and supplies 3 other branches
- Hepatic artery (supplies liver)
- Gastric artery (supplies stomach)
- Splenic artery (supplies spleen)

30
Q

Superior mesenteric artery

A

Supplies all the small intestine, the ascending colon, and the first half of the transverse colon

31
Q

Renal artery

A

Supplies kidneys

32
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery

A

Supplies the second half of the transverse colon and the descending colon

33
Q

Left and right external and internal iliac artery

A

Vessels represented by inner and outer “forks” in cats
- Different arrangement than humans

34
Q

Femoral artery

A

In the thigh region once the external iliac artery has exited the abdominopelvic cavity

35
Q

What do veins do?

A

Carry blood back towards the heart

36
Q

What veins are there?

A

Thoracic
- Right and left external jugular vein
- Right and left subclavian vein
- Right and left brachiocephalic vein
- Superior vena cava
Other
- Femoral vein
- External iliac vein
- Common iliac vein
- Inferior vena cava
- Renal vein

37
Q

Right and left external jugular vein

A

Drains head and neck structures

38
Q

Right and left subclavian vein

A

Drains right and left upper limbs

39
Q

Right and left brachiocephalic vein

A

Receives blood from both external jugular and subclavian veins and delivers it to the superior vena cava

40
Q

Superior vena cava

A

Drains all body region superior to the diaphragm
- Also known as “precava” in cats

41
Q

Femoral vein

A

Found in thigh region

42
Q

External iliac vein

A

Once the femoral vein has entered into the abdominopelvic cavity

43
Q

Common iliac vein

A

Once the internal iliac vein joins the external iliac vein

44
Q

Inferior vena cava

A

Both common iliac veins join to drain into the inferior vena cava
- Widest vein in the body
- Drains all body regions inferior to the diaphragm
- Also known as “postcava” in cats

45
Q

Renal vein

A

Drains the kidneys

BIOM 2021 - Lab (4 decks)

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