Week 5 and 6 - Organs and Vessels Flashcards
What are the major organ systems?
- Respiratory system
- Digestive system
- Urinary system
What makes up the respiratory system?
- Trachea
- Lungs
- Diaphragm
Trachea
Anterior rings of cartilage
Lungs
7 lobes in cats and 5 lobes in humans
- Less on the left side because the heart takes up space
Diaphragm
Composed of skeletal muscle
- Once removed from the ribs, it lies primarily on top of the liver and stomach
What makes up the digestive system?
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum, mesentery)
- Large intestine/colon (cecum, ascending, transverse, descending)
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Spleen
- Pancreas
- Greater omentum
Esophagus
Flattened muscular tube located dorsal to the trachea
Stomach
Food travels from the mouth, down the esophagus, and into the stomach
- Found on left side of the abdominal cavity
Small intestine
- Duodenum: First part right off the stomach (C-shaped)
- Jejunum: Middle part
- Ileum: Last part found right before the beginning of the large intestine
- Mesentery: Double-fold of peritoneum (provides a route for blood vessels)
Large intestine/Colon
- Cecum: Blind-ended pouch at the junction between the ileum and ascending colon (where the appendix is found in humans - not in cats though)
- Ascending, transverse, and descending - found in cats and humans
Liver
5 lobes in cats, 4 lobes in humans
- Right side of the abdominal cavity
- 2nd largest organ
Gallbladder
Found within the liver and stained green in most specimens
Spleen
Located farther to the left than the stomach
- Lymphoid organ not a digestive organ
- Filters blood and recycles blood cells, hence its dark red colour
Pancreas
- Found within the “C” of the duodenum
- Resembles a tadpole with the head lying with the duodenum
Greater omentum
- Also known as the fatty apron
- Stores abdominal fat and used as protection
- Hangs off stomach and surrounds most abdominal organs
- Aids in trying to prevent the spread on infection within the peritoneal cavity
What makes up the urinary system?
- Kidney
- Ureter
- Urinary bladder
Kidney
- Located retroperitoneal (retro = behind, peritoneal = peritoneum)
- Affixed to the posterior abdominal wall with connective tissue and fat
Ureter
Thin tube draining urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
Urinary bladder
Collapsible sac where urine is stored prior to being excreted
Generally, what does the size of the blood vessel indicate?
How much blood it supplies
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
What are the 19 arteries?
- Ascending aorta
- Aortic arch
- Descending thoracic aorta
- Left subclavian artery
- Brachiocephalic trunk/artery (left and right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery)
- Descending abdominal aorta
- Celiac trunk (hepatic, gastric, and splenic artery)
- Superior mesenteric artery
- Renal artery
- Inferior mesenteric artery
- Left and right external iliac artery
- Left and right internal iliac artery
- Femoral artery
Ascending aorta
First part of the aorta coming up and out of the heart
- Exits the left ventricle
Aortic arch
2 branches in cats and 3 branches in humans
Descending thoracic aorta
Aorta descends heading towards the diaphragm
Left subclavian artery
Branches off the arch directly and travel below the clavicle to supply the left upper limb
Brachiocephalic trunk/artery
- 3 branches in cats
- Left and right common carotid artery - ascend to supply the head and neck
- Right subclavian artery - supplies right upper limb
Descending abdominal aorta
Once the descending thoracic aorta pierces through the diaphragm
Celiac trunk
First major branch off the abdominal aorta and supplies 3 other branches
- Hepatic artery (supplies liver)
- Gastric artery (supplies stomach)
- Splenic artery (supplies spleen)
Superior mesenteric artery
Supplies all the small intestine, the ascending colon, and the first half of the transverse colon
Renal artery
Supplies kidneys
Inferior mesenteric artery
Supplies the second half of the transverse colon and the descending colon
Left and right external and internal iliac artery
Vessels represented by inner and outer “forks” in cats
- Different arrangement than humans
Femoral artery
In the thigh region once the external iliac artery has exited the abdominopelvic cavity
What do veins do?
Carry blood back towards the heart
What veins are there?
Thoracic
- Right and left external jugular vein
- Right and left subclavian vein
- Right and left brachiocephalic vein
- Superior vena cava
Other
- Femoral vein
- External iliac vein
- Common iliac vein
- Inferior vena cava
- Renal vein
Right and left external jugular vein
Drains head and neck structures
Right and left subclavian vein
Drains right and left upper limbs
Right and left brachiocephalic vein
Receives blood from both external jugular and subclavian veins and delivers it to the superior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Drains all body region superior to the diaphragm
- Also known as “precava” in cats
Femoral vein
Found in thigh region
External iliac vein
Once the femoral vein has entered into the abdominopelvic cavity
Common iliac vein
Once the internal iliac vein joins the external iliac vein
Inferior vena cava
Both common iliac veins join to drain into the inferior vena cava
- Widest vein in the body
- Drains all body regions inferior to the diaphragm
- Also known as “postcava” in cats
Renal vein
Drains the kidneys
