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NURS 180 - Pharmacology (2016 Fall Term II) > Week 5 - Altered Oxygen/ Respiratory Function (12/8/16) > Flashcards

Week 5 - Altered Oxygen/ Respiratory Function (12/8/16) Flashcards

1
Q

Chapter 17: Airflow Disorders

A 
Beta_2-adrenergic agonists
Methylxanthines
Inhaled Anticholinergic
Glucocorticoids
Leukotriene modifiers
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2
Q

most important medicine

A

oxygen

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3
Q

Oxygen toxicity

A

Can result form high concentrations of oxygen (typically greater than 50%), long durations of oxygen therapy (typically more than 24-48 hours), and the severity of lung disease

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4
Q

Oxygen devices

A 
Nasal cannula
Simple face mask
Partial rebreather mask
Nonrebreather mask
Venturi mask
Aerosol mask
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5
Q

what is FiO2

A

amount of air per breath per type of oxygen devices

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6
Q

Maximum oxygenation for Nasal Cannula

A

FiO2
24%-44%

flow rate
1-6 L/min

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7
Q

rebreather

A

40%-70%

6-10L/min

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8
Q

nonrebreather

A

60%-100%

10-15 L/min

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9
Q

ventori mask

A

24%-60%

4-12 L/min

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10
Q

Beta2-adrenergic agoinists

A 
Prototype med: Albuterol
Purpose: dilate bronchioles
Therapeutic use: 
- prevention of asthma
- treatment for bronchospasm
- long-term control of asthma
S/E:
- tachycardia
- tremors
Contraindications:
- Pregnancy Risk Category C
- Do not give to patients with dysrhythmias
Nursing Administration:
- nurse can give breathing treatment
- listen to lung sounds before / after
- patient get oral care after treatment (oral thrush)
--- Nystatin [antifungal]
- check heart rate before - tachycardia
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11
Q

Beta2-adrenergic agonists

prototype medication
other medications

A

prototype: Albuterol

other; formoterol, levalbuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline

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12
Q

Beta2-adrenergic agonists

purpose

A

bronchodilation

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13
Q

Beta2-adrenergic agonists

therapeutic uses

A

Albuterol, levalbuterol

  • prevention of asthma episode (exercise-induced)
  • inhaled, short-acting, used for prevention of asthma
  • treatment for bronchospasm
  • long-term control of asthma

Formoterol, salmeterol

  • long-term control of asthma

Terbutaline
- long-term control of asthma

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14
Q

Beta2-adrenergic agonists

S/E

A
  • Tachycardia, can lead to angina (stop giving it)

- Tremors (transient)

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15
Q

Beta2-adrenergic agonists

Contraindications (pregnancy risk)

A

Category C

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16
Q

Beta2-adrenergic agonists

Nursing administration

A
  • assess patient
  • nurses can give breathing treatment
  • listen to lung sounds before / after
  • patient get oral care after treatment (oral thrush)
  • –Nystatin [anti fungal]
  • check heart rate after - tachycardia
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17
Q

Methyxanthines

A

prototype: Theophylline
therapeutic level: 10-20
purpose: bronchodilation
therapeutic use: oral theophylline is used for long-term control of chronic asthma or COPD
S/E:
- mild toxicity reaction can include GI distress and restlessness
- toxicity: cardiotoxicity and seizures
— mesaure serum levels
Contraindications:
- pregnancy risk category C
- clients who have heart disease, HTN, liver/kidney dysfxn, and diabetes mellitus
Interaction:
- caffeine
Nursing administration:
- advise client to take medication as prescribed
— if a dose is missed, the following dose should not be doubled
- instruct not to chew or crush sustained-release preparations

18
Q

Methylxanthines

therapeutic level

A

10-20

19
Q

Methylxanthines

prototype medication

A

theophylline

20
Q

Methylxanthines

Purpose

A

bronchodilation

21
Q

Methylxanthines

Therapeutic use

A

used for long term control for chronic asthma and COPD

22
Q

Methylxanthines

S/E

A

S/E:
- mild toxicity reaction can include GI distress and restlessness
- toxicity: cardiotoxicity and seizures
— mesaure serum levels
Contraindications:
- pregnancy risk category C
- clients who have heart disease, HTN, liver/kidney dysfxn, and diabetes mellitus
Interaction:
- caffeine
Nursing administration:
- advise client to take medication as prescribed
— if a dose is missed, the following dose should not be doubled
- instruct not to chew or crush sustained-release preparations

23
Q

MEthylxanthines

contraindications

A

Contraindications
- preg C
clients who have heart disease, HTN, liver/kidney dysfxn, and diabetes mellitus

24
Q

Methylxanthines

interactions

A

caffeine

25
Q

Methylxanthines

Nursing administration

A
  • advise client to take medication as prescribed
  • – if a dose is missed, the following dose should not be doubled
  • instruct not to chew or crus sustained-release preparations
26
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

S/E
contraindications

A

S/E

  • depression, suicidal thoughts
  • hepatotoxicity (zileuton and zafirlukast)

contraindications:
pregnancy category B (montelukast and zafirlukast)
pregnancy category C (zileuton)

27
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

interactions
nursing administration

A

interactions

  • zileuton and zafirlukast inhibit metabolism of warfarin and theophylline, leading to increased warfarin and theophylline levels
  • montelukast used concurrently with phenytoin can inhibit effects of montelukast

nursing administration:

  • food prevent absorption
  • advise clients to take zileuton as prescribed, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
28
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

interactions
nursing administration

A

interactions

  • zileuton and zafirlukast inhibit metabolism of warfarin and theophylline, leading to increased warfarin and theophylline levels
  • montelukast used concurrently with phenytoin can inhibit effects of montelukast

nursing administration:

  • food prevent absorption
  • advise clients to take zileuton as prescribed, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals
29
Q

Antitussives: Opioids

prototype
other

purpose
therapeutic use

A

prototype
Codeine
other: hydrocodone

purpose
suppresses cough through its action on the CNS
therapeutic use
used for chronic nonproductive cough to decrease the frequency and intensity

30
Q

Antitussives: Opioids

S/E

A
  • CNS effects (dizziness, lightheadedness, drowsiness, respiratory depression)
  • GI distress (nausea, vomiting, constipation)
  • Opioid use disorder
31
Q

Antitussives: opioids

contraindication
nursing administration

A

contraindication
preg risk C
contraindicated in clients who have resp depression, acute asthma, head trauma, liver/renal dysfxn, acute alcohol use disorder

nursing administration

  • advise to avoid activities that require alertness
  • advise to change positions slowly
  • avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants
32
Q

Antitussives: nonopioids

prototype
other

purpose
therapeutic use

A 
prototype
Dextromethorphan (robutussin)
other
benzonatate
diphenhydramine

purpose
suppresses cough
therapeutic use
cough suppression

33
Q

ANtitussives: nonopioids

S/E

A
  • mild nausea, dizziness, sedation can occur
  • GI: nausea
  • medicine does not work for kids
34
Q

Antitussives: nonopioids

contraindication
nursing administration

A

contraindication
preg risk C

nursing administration

35
Q

Expectorants

prototype
purpose
therapeutic use

A

prototype: Guaifenesin (Mucenix)

purpose
promotes increased cough production by increasing and thinning mucous secretions
(allow decrease chest congestion by coughing out secretions)

therapeutic use

36
Q

Expectorants

S/E (are mild)

A
  • GI upset
  • drowsiness, dizziness
  • allergic reaction (rash)
  • doesn’t work for pediatrics
  • – (kids just need fluids and rest)
37
Q

Expectorants

contraindication
nursing administration

A

contraindication
preg risk C

nursing administration
advise to increase fluid intake when taking guaifenesin

38
Q

Mucolytics

prototype
other
purpose
therapeutic use

A

prototype
acetylcysteine
other
hypertonic saline

purpose
thin and enhance the flow of secretions in the respiratory passages
therapeutic use

39
Q

Mucolytics

S/E
nursing administration

A

liquify dry mucous

inhaler
IV - OD

antidote for tylenol

aspirate: causes bronchospasm
given: situp at least 30 min

need to be chilled (PO form) because of bad taste (on ice) smells like rotten eggs

IV dosing depend on amount of Tylenol taken
Tylenol and antidote causes hepatotoxicity

40
Q

Mucolytics

contraindication
nursing administration

A 
contraindication
preg risk B
not used in client shwo are hypersensitive to acetylcysteine
-
-

nursing adminstration
advise odor
administered by inhalation to liquefy nasal
oral IV

NURS 180 - Pharmacology (2016 Fall Term II) (7 decks)

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