Week 5 Flashcards
What are ROS components?
Reactive oxygen species
Where are IgA antibodies found?
In mucous, saliva, tears and breast milk.
What do IgA antibodies protect against?
Pathogens
Where are IgD antibodies found?
Part of the B cell receptors.
What are the main function of IgD antibodies?
Activate basophil and mast cells.
What are IgE antibodies responsible for?
Allergic reactions.
Where are IgG antibodies secreted from ?
Plasma cells in the blood.
Can IgG antibodies cross the placenta?
Yes
Where are IgM antibodies found?
Attached to the surface of B cells or in the blood.
What is the onset time of type 1 hypersensitivity?
5-15 minutes
What antibodies mediate type 1 hypersensitivity?
IgE
What hypersensitivity type are most allergic reactions?
1
What causes an allergy?
There is a genetic component to an allergy where the individual has certain genes that make their T cells more hypersensitive to certain antigens.
How do type 1 allergens enter the body?
They are breathed or taken in.
Contact with the skin.
What is an allergen?
An antigen that causes an allergic reaction.
What are the symptoms of type 1 hypersensitivity?
Rhinitis Conjunctivitis Hives Angiodema Asthama Anaphylaxis
What is angiodema?
Swelling of deeper layers of the skin caused by a build-up of fluid.
How many times do you need to be exposed to an allergen to become allergic?
2
On the first exposure you become sensitive and on the second you can have more severe reactions.
What are the possible treatments for type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
Adrenaline
Antihistamines
Corticosteroids
What are some of the clinical features of asthma?
- Reversible generalised airway obstruction.
- Chronic Episodic wheeze.
- Bronchial hyperresponsivness.
- Bronchial irritability cough.
- Mucus production.
- Breathlessness
- Chest tightness
- Reduced variable peak flow.
Outline how Asthma is treated.
- Beta-1 Agonist drugs can be required by inhalation.
- Inhalation of a steroid of a low-moderate dose.
- Long acting Beta-2 agonists and Leukotriene agonists may be inhaled in high doses if needed.
- Oral steroids.
How do beta-2 agonists and leukotriene antagonists work to treat asthma?
They block the degranulation of receptors that activation constriction of airways.
What are the symptoms of Rhinitis?
Sneezing Rhinnorehoea Itchy nose and eyes Nasal blockage and Sinusitis Loss of smell and taste
What is the common name for Rhinitis?
Hay-fever