week 5

Question 1

whats the main determinant of health

Answer 1

biological facotrs
behaviours
social and cultural facotrs
physical environment
econome and political factros

Question 2

whats the range from downstream to upstream

Answer 2

downstream = biological and behaviours
midstream = social and cultural facotrs, physical enivronments
upstream= economic and political factors

Question 3

whats an example using the iceberg model for road trauma

Answer 3

• individual, attitudes and behaviours (speed, drink, driving)
• social/cultrual, peer pressure
• environmental, road and vehicle design, availability of public transport
• economic/political, laws and regulations

Question 4

what are key biological facotrs

Answer 4

genes
sex
age
race and ethnicity

Question 5

how stress influences biological risk factors

Answer 5

• mental state: stress hormones, changes in cholesterol, cancer
• psycho-neurobiological influenced; genetics, environments, personal relationships, family, friends, workplaces

Question 6

health enhancing behaviours

Answer 6

regular physical activity
Good hygiene
Good nutrition
Stress management

Question 7

behaviours that risk health

Answer 7

-smoking
poor diet
Sun exposure
Unprotected sex
Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 8

whats the health belief model state

Answer 8

Person susceptibility to the problem: own opinion of chances they will obtain a condition based on their behaviours and perceived level risk.
Seriousness of consequences of the problem: ones perceived opinion of how severe the problem is and its consequences might be.
Perceived beliefs of particular actions: ones opinion of the benefits they will experience if health enhancing actions are taken.
Perceived barrier to taking action: persecution of costs they will endure if they take on health enhancing actions eg. Embarrassment

Question 9

whats the trans theoretical model (stages of change)

Answer 9

Pre complication stage
Complication stage
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse

Question 10

whats self efficacy

Answer 10

The belief in own ability to succeed and overcome

People with poor self efficacy are less likley to seek help

Question 11

how to remember transtheroretical model steps

Answer 11

people
can
party
around
melbourne 
river

Question 12

individual influences on health behaviour

Answer 12

-Attitudes and beliefs
-Personality
-Values, Aspirations, Fears, Hopes
- Knowledge/Health literacy
- Self-efficacy
- self-esteem, feeling of power and control, confidence to take action, and beliefs about ability to change the situation
Skills (for decision-making and change)
Experience
- Motivation to change

Question 13

whats the precontemplation stage and potential change strategies

Answer 13

• has no intention of taking action within the next 6 months

- increase awareness of need for change outline risks and benifits

Question 14

whats the contemplation stage and potential change strategies

Answer 14

• intends to take action in the next six months

- motivate, encourage making plans

Question 15

whats the preparation stage and potential change strategies

Answer 15

• intends to tak action within the next thirty days and has taken some behavioural steps in this direction.
• assist with developing and implementing concrete action plans

Question 16

whats the action stage and potential change strategies

Answer 16

• has changed behaviour for less than six months

- assist with feedback, problem sling and reinforcement

Question 17

whats the maintenance stage and potential change strategies

Answer 17

• has changed behaviour for more than six months

- assist with coping, reminders, avoiding relapse

Question 18

what the theory of planned behaviours (TBS)

Answer 18

examines relationships between an individuals beliefs, attitudes, intentions, behaviour and perceived control over the behaviour.

Question 19

whats the concepts of the theory planned behaviour

Answer 19

behavioural intention- perceived likelihood of performing behaviour
attitude- perceived evaluation of behaviour
subjectivity norm- motivation to behave in a way that gains their approval
perceived behavioural control- belief that one has and can exercise control over performing the behaviour

Question 20

whats the precaution adaption process model

Answer 20

names seven stages in an individuals journey from awareness to action. Begins with lack of awareness and advanced through subsetnt stages of becoming aware, deciding wether or not to act, acting and maintaining the behaviour.

Question 21

whats the health belief model

Answer 21

perceived susceptibility: beliefs about the chances of getting a condition. CHANGE STRATEGIES:Define what populations are at risk and their levels of risks, risk information based on an individuals characteristics or behaviours, develop accurate perception of own risks.
Perceived severity: beliefs about the seriousness of a condition and its consequence. CHANGE STRATEGIES: specify consequences of a condition and recommend action.
Perceived benefits: beliefs about the effective of taking action to reduce risk or seriousness. CHANGE STRATEGIES: explain how, where, when to take actions and what potential positive results will be.
Perceived barriers: beleifs about the material and psychological costs of taking action. CHANGE STRATEGIES: offer reassurance, incentives and assistance.
Cues to action: factors that activate ‘rediness to change’. CHANGE STRATEGIES: provide training and guidance in performing action, use progressive goal setting, give verbal reinforcement and demonstrate desired behaviours.