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NURS 3036 - Mental Health Theory > Week 5,6,7 Powerpoint > Flashcards

Week 5,6,7 Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Define mania

A

A distinct period when the predominant mood is elated, expansive, or irritable

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2
Q

What is the difference between hypomania and acute mania?

A

Hypomania = a little less manic

Acute mania = severe mania

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3
Q

What are some common problems associated with mania?

A
  • poor judgment
  • agitation
  • irritable
  • impulsive
  • hyperactivity
  • difficulty sleeping
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4
Q

Why do manic patient not want to go on medications?

A

Because they are feeling great!

- medications will bring them down

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5
Q

What are common medications for mania?

A
  • Lithium carbonate (mood stabilizer)

- Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Epival)

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6
Q

What elements are lithium closely related to?

A

Sodium and potassium

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7
Q

True or False:

Lithium has a narrow therapeutic range

A

True

- patient needs to have adequate water AND sodium in their diet or else lithium can become toxic

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8
Q

What happens to the lithium levels as you increase your sodium intake?

A

Decreases lithium level

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9
Q

Define alcohol dependency

A

A substance-related disorder in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon drinking alcohol

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10
Q

Define alcohol abuse

A

Psychiatric diagnosis describing the recurring use of alcohol despite it’s negative consequences

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11
Q

Define alcoholism

A

Chronic and often progressive disease

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12
Q

What is a dual diagnosis or a concurrent (co-occurring) disorder?

A

Presence of a mental illness + substance dependence problem

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13
Q

Which axis does a concurrent diagnosis fall?

A

Axis I

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14
Q

True or False:

People with mental illness have much higher rates of addiction than people in the general population

A

True

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15
Q

When do alcoholism withdrawal symptoms appear, when do they peak and when do they get better?

A 
Appear = 6 - 48 hours after alcohol consumption has ceased
Peak = about day 2
Improve = by day 5
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16
Q

When can alcoholic hallucinations appear?

A

12 - 24 hours after alcohol has stopped

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17
Q

When can alcoholic withdrawal seizures appear?

A

24 - 48 hours after alcohol has stopped

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18
Q

When can alcoholic withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens) appear?

A

48 - 72 hours after alcohol has stopped

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19
Q

What is prescribed to patients that are exhibiting signs of anxiety, insomnia and seizures related to alcohol abuse?

A

Benzos

  • Ativan = short acting
  • Valium = longest acting
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20
Q

How are thiamine and alcoholism related?

A

Alcohol consumption can lead to decreased absorption of thiamine

  • Thiamine helps brain cells produce energy from sugar
  • When levels fall too low, brain cells cannot generate enough energy to function properly
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21
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of thiamine deficiency related to alcoholism?

A
  • vision, balance, and coordination problems
  • problems with learning
  • memory problems
  • long-term memory gaps
  • confabulating
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22
Q

What is confabulation?

A

When a person makes up stories, but with no conscious decision to deceive

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23
Q

What is Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?

A

Brain disorder caused by thiamine deficiency

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24
Q

What is wernicke-korsakoff syndrome a combination of which two diseases?

A
  1. Wernicke’s = damage to nerves in CNS and PNS

2. Korsakoff = memory problems

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25
Q

Define Transference

A

Patients projecting, onto their helper’s experiences and interpretations that stem largely from the patient’s early relationships

26
Q

Define counter transference

A

Process of helpers projecting onto their patient’s experiences and interpretations that stem largely from the helper’s early experiences

27
Q

What is widely believed to contaminate the therapeutic relationship?

A

Counter-transference

28
Q

Define personality traits

A

Prominent aspects of personality that are exhibited in a wide range of important social and personal contexts

29
Q

What are the three clusters of personality disorders?

A

A
B
C

30
Q

What are the characteristics of cluster A (2)?

A
  1. Odd

2. Eccentric

31
Q

What are the characteristics of cluster B (2)?

A
  1. Dramatic

2. Emotional

32
Q

What are the characteristics of cluster C (2)?

A
  1. Anxious

2. Fearful

33
Q

What are three disorders associated with cluster A?

A
  1. Schiotypal
  2. Paranoid
  3. Schizoid
34
Q

What are the 4 disorders associated with cluster B?

A
  1. Borderline
  2. Antisocial
  3. Histrionic
  4. Narcissistic
35
Q

What are the 4 disorders associated with cluster C?

A
  1. Dependent
  2. Avoidant
  3. Obsessive-compulsive
  4. Passive aggressive
36
Q

What is the most commonly diagnosed personality disorder?

A

Borderline personality disorder

37
Q

What happens to borderline personality disorder patients, the longer they spend on the ward?

A

They get WORSE!

- access to a lot of people that they can’t control

38
Q

What is a very common symptom in patients with borderline personality disorder?

A

Anxiety

39
Q

What is the concept behind CBT?

A

Our thoughts about the situation affect how we feel and how we behave

40
Q

What is DBT?

A

Dialectial behaviour therapy

- problem solving, exposure techniques, skills training, emotional regulation, mindfulness

41
Q

What is staff splitting?

A

When a patient says things to staff members to pin them against each other

42
Q

In Erik Erikson’s theory of development, what are 5-13 year old concerned with? 13-21 year olds?

A 
5-13 = industry vs. inferiority
13-21 = Identity vs. role confusion
43
Q

What are the three sub-phases of the adolescent?

A 
Early adolescence (11-14)
Middle adolescence (15-17)
Late adolescence (18-20)
44
Q

What is the major milestone of adolescence?

A

Identify formation

45
Q

What did Marcia conclude that identity formation included the minimum of what three things?

A
  1. Commitment to a sexual orientation
  2. An ideological stance
    3 A vocational direction
46
Q

What did Marcia say that the 4 categories of styles used by adolescent to resolve the issue of identity are?

A
  1. Foreclosure - decisions made before exploration (adhere to family values)
  2. Moratorium - decisions are delayed until options have been explored
  3. Identity diffusion - decisions are avoided/socially isolated
  4. Identity achievement - decisions are made after exploration and analysis
47
Q

As a mental health profession, what should we focus on when helping adolescents?

A

Understand the consequences of their behaviours

- support them to make thoughtful decisions

48
Q

In Erik Erikson’s theory of development, what are 65 and older year olds concerned with?

A

Ego integrity vs. despair

49
Q

True or False:

Old age is synonymous with illness, diability and decline in mental functioning

A

False

- it’s not

50
Q

True or False:

It is normal to be depressed in old age

A

False

51
Q

What are the most common mental health problems in the old age population?

A
  • Anxiety
  • Depressive symptoms
  • Depression
52
Q

What age group has the highest rate of suicide?

A

Older adult

53
Q

What is delirium?

A
  • temporary disordered mental state
  • acute and sudden
  • cognitive impariemtn, disorientation, disturbance in attention
54
Q

What is dementia?

A
  • progressive decline

- leads to significant inability to maintain occupational and social performance

55
Q

What is depression?

A
  • physiological manifestations in varying severity from mild to severe
56
Q

What are some causes of delirium?

A
  • infection
  • stress
  • substance use
  • polypharmacy
  • dehydration
  • malnutrition
  • physical illness
57
Q

Describe the attention span in a patient that is delirious, demented and depressed

A 
Delirious = decreased
Demented = normal
Depressed = normal
58
Q

Describe the onset of the disorder in a patient that is delirious, demented and depressed

A 
Delirious = sudden
Demented = usually months to years
Depressed = usually over months to years
59
Q

What is delirium commonly misdiagnosed as?

A
  • Dementia
  • Depression
  • Mania
  • Acute schizophrenic reaction
  • Part of old age
60
Q

How is grief different from depression?

A

Grief is a roller coaster of emotions

- good days and bad days

NURS 3036 - Mental Health Theory (5 decks)

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