Week 5 Flashcards
How many children under the age of 5 died in 2015?
5.9 million
What is the percentage decrease in global under 5 mortality since 1990?
53%
With regards to injuries and treatment what must be considered when treating children compared to adults and give examples? (2)
Physiological Differences -
1. e.g. children are more susceptible to head injuries due to the relatively larger size of their head with respect to the body.
- Smaller Fluid Reserve and increased insensible water loss due to faster breathing - dehydration and shock.
Why do heavier than air toxins affect children more than adults? (3)
- These toxins due to their heaviness relative to the air mean that they fall closer to the ground, where child airspace lies.
- Larger body surface to mass ratio, making them more vulnerable to chemical agents, smoke inhalation and radiation.
- Increased heart and respiratory rates - increased susceptiblity to airborne chemical and biological agents that will quickly spread throughout the ciruclatory system
In regards to children, what were the failings in the wake of Hurricane Katrina? (4)
- Inadequate Federal, State, and Local government agency planning for the care and evacuation of Hospitalised Children & Infants
- Inadequate strategies for the reunification of children with their parents
- Inadequate resources for non–English speaking children
- Increased risk of morbidity and mortality for children With special needs
What happens to child abuse after natural disasters?
Increases.
What are the 3 bare essentials required to live?
- Primary Care
- Clean Water
- Food
What is the WHO diagnostic definition of the diarrhoea?
Passage of >3 loose or liquid stools/day, or more frequently than is normal for the child.
Why is Diarrhoea so dangerous? (2)
- Fluid loss - life threatening especially in children.
2. Easily spread, especially in disaster situations - relocation, lack of clean sanitation.
What is the treatment schedule/dosage for diarrhoea?
ORS
For the first 10KG - 1,000ml
For the second 10KG - 500ml
How is weight calculated for children in regards to diarrhoea treatment?
2(age+4) = Weight in kg
What is the difference in the latest ORS formula over its predecessor and why is this change important?
Less glucose and sodium (245mOsm/L compared with 311mOsm/L) to allow for quicker absorption.
What is the importance in re-uniting children with their families? (3)
- Children have right to be with their families
- Better protected - children rely on adults to ensure their safety.
- Less emotional disturbance
In children, injuries to which region have the higher mortality rates and are they the most common injury?
Injuries to the chest and abdomen have higher overall mortality rates.
Although head injuries are the most common injury in explosions, usually minor and contribute to lower mortality rate.
What is crush syndrome?
Major shock and renal failure as a result of a crushing injury to usually an extremity of the body. The resultant crushing of muscles produces methohaemoglobin which causes subsequent damage to the kidneys.
