Week 2 Flashcards
When was the UN established?
1945 (24th October)
How many states are part of the UN?
193
Where is the UN Headquarters?
New York
Offices in Geneva, Nairobi and Vienna
What organisation precede the UN?
The League of Nations
Describe the structure of the UN.
5 principal organs:
General Assembly Security Council Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) The Secretariat International Court of Justice (ICC)
What is role of the UN Gen. Assembly? (3)
- Admits new members
- Adopts budget
- Elects UN Security Council, International Court of Justice Judges and Secretary General.
What is role of the UN Security Council? (4)
- Responsible for the maintenance of international peace and security
- 15 members
- 5 permanent with veto powers : USA, China, Russia, UK, France
- Peacekeeping missions
What is role of the UNECOSOC? (2)
- Responsible for cooperation between states on economic & social matters
- Coordinates cooperations between the UN’s specialised agencies
What is role of the UN Secretariat?
Supports other UN bodies administratively; conferences, reports, prepares budget
What is role of the UN ICJ? (2)
- Decides disputes between states which recognise its jurisdiction
- Issues legal opinions
Name 3 UN Systems Agencies
- World Bank Group
- World Health Organisation
- World Food Programme
- UNESCO
- UNICEF
How is the UN funded?
Assessed and voluntary contributions from member states, based on GNI
What is the funding for ‘Peace & Security’ in the period 13/14 and how many UN troops are there?
$7.5 billion
82,000 troops
What does OCHA stand for?
United Nations Office for the Co-ordination of Humanitarian Affairs
Who is the head of OCHA and what is their official title?
Stephen O’Brien - Emergency Relief Co-ordinator
What does UNHCR stand for?
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, UN Refugee Agency
What is the UNHCR’s main aim?
Provide protection for refugees and seek a solution for them
What does UNICEF stand for?
United Nations Children’s Fund
How is UNICEF funded and what was its budget in 2008?
Contributions from governments and private donors.
$3 billion
How many people are fed by the WFP annually?
90 million
What are the aims/role of the WHO?
- Leadership on health matters
- Shaping research agenda
- Setting norms & standards
- Articulating policy
- Monitoring health situation & trends
- Esp MDGs, infectious disease, maternal health, HIV / Aids, Malaria
What is the role of the IFRC?
Coordinates & directs international assistance following natural & man-made disasters in non-conflict
What is the role of the ICRC?
- Mandate under international law to carry out humanitarian actions in siutations of armed conflict
- Monitoring adherence to international conventions
- Relief operations
- Missing persons
- Family reunification
- War surgery & rehabilitation
How is the budget for NHS England split?
NHS England budget of £95.6 billion for delivery.
£65.6 billion to local commissioning groups
£25.6 billion to commission specialised services.
What is the key aim of DFID?
“promote sustainable development and eliminate world poverty”
What are the general aims of DFID? (7)
- Halve numbers in poverty
- Children primary education
- Reduce child death rates
- Improve maternal health
- HIV, Malaria, TB
- Environmental protection
- Global partnership
What does CHASE OT stand for?
Conflict, Humanitarian and Security Operations Team
What is the aim of CHASE OT?
24/7 capability to respond to crises.
What was the death toll in as a result of Typhoon Haiyan?
6340 (>6000 will suffice)
What were the top 3 causes of death as a result of Typhoon Haiyan?
- Drowning
- Hypothermia
- Electrocution
What was the death toll of Migrants in the Mediterranean between 2014-2016?
> 10,000
What does the Military bring to the Humanitarian Space?
- Corporate knowledge
- Strategic capability / lift
- Engineering / environmental health expertise
- C2 expertise and communications
- Multinational networking
Security sector reform (SSR)
With regards to healthcare, what is the end-goal for the military humanitarian mission?
Provide short-term cover and help to establish a situation where indigenous civilian health sector takes over.
What does the SHAPE-SECURE-HOLD-DEVELOP - TRANSITION model refer to?
Building local and national indigenous health care capacity in foreign country. with the aim of increasing security, and health capability whilst decreasing international involvement.
What is Operation Safe Haven?
Also known as Op Provide Comfort, is an Operation in Kurdistan, 1991. Hybrid of Military and Humanitarian (once security had been established).
What was the need for Op Safe Haven? (2)
- Exodus from Iraq to Turkey and Iran border - heavily mined post Iran/Iraq war.
- Dirty Water - Typhoid Outbreak
Where was Operation Gabriel based and what year was it established?
Rwanda, 1994
What was the UK’s main aim of Operation Gabriel?
To reduce the flow of Rwandan Refugees to Goma, Zaire.
Why did the UK replace the French in the South-West of the Country during Operation Gabriel?
To provide re-assurance, prevent insurgency/violence, aid large scale refugees movement.
What was Operation Gritrock?
UK intervention in Sierria Leone after direct request for assistance from WHO to contain the Ebola Outbreak
What was the main aim of Op Gritrock?
Eradicate Ebola
What is the role of PMSC’s?
To carry out tasks considered the reserve of the armed forces and the state.
What is the spectrum of PMSC action?
Logistics to Military/Security Tasks using lethal force
How many times more is the PMSC sector worth now (2010) compared to 1990?
Around 4 times
$55.6bn - 1990
$210bn - 2010
What are the two main types of work that PMSC engage in and what proportion engage in each?
Military Support Firms - Dealing in logicistical support, training packages/infrastructure. (MAJORITY).
Military Provider/Security Firms - War-fighting corporate entities e.g. EO (MINORITY)
What is Blackwater and what is the controversy that surrounds them?
Blackwater is a PMSC who were involved in the Nisour Square shooting - Baghdad ‘07 - 14 personnel killing 17 Iraqi civilians and injuring 20.
4 guards convicted in 2015.
What is a key economic benefit to countries that have PMSC’s operating there?
Employment of local population - helping toward nation building and civilian empowerment.
What is a key economic difficulty of having a modern standing army?
Expensive - full-time salary
What is Executive Outcomes?
Describe two of their operations (Angola)?
EO is a private military company - specifically dealing with combat operations.
Two particular operations in Angola:
$60mn contract to protect Canfunfo Diamond Mine in Lunda Norte - lead to ending of 3 year civil war.
Training of FAA (Angolan Armed Forces) in 1995.
