Week 5

Question 1

What are some of the functions of orthoses?

Answer 1

• Immobilize or Support.
• Apply Traction or Transfer force.
• Assist Weak or Partial Segments.
• Substitute for Absent motor function.
• Permit Controlled Movement in one direction.
• Allow Attachment of Assistive Devices.

Question 2

What is an Impairment?
What is a Disability?
What is a Handicap?

Answer 2

• Any loss or abnormality of physical or psychological structure or function. {Visual Impairment}
• Any restriction of lack of ability to perform a function within the range of normal. {Blindness}
• Any disadvantage for an individual resulting from an impairment or disability. {Inability to be a Pilot}

Question 3

What are ADLs? What is the difference between basic and instrumental ADLs?

Answer 3

Activities of Daily Living.

Basic are necessary for self care, instrumental are needed to function independently within a community.

Question 4

What are the 8 steps to rehabilitation?

Answer 4

• PRICE
• Active and Passive ROM
• Strengthening
• Maintain Aerobic Endurance
• Proprioception Exercises
• Sports and Activity Rehabilitation
• Return to Simulated Activity
• Return to Full Activity

Question 5

What are the three types of strengthening?

Answer 5

Isokinetic, Isotonic, and Isometric.

Question 6

What layers are punctured when performing a spinal tap?

Answer 6

Skin, Superficial Fascia, Supraspinous Ligament, Interspinous Ligament, Ligamentum Flavum, {Epidural Space}, Dura Mater, {Spinal Canal}

Question 7

Cervical roots leave from ________ the vertebrae while all others leave from ________ the vertebrae.

Answer 7

Above, Below.

Question 8

Erb-Duchenne Palsy is? What often causes it? How does it present?

Answer 8

An injury to the C5/C6 nerve roots, superior trunk, and lateral cord. Usually caused by traumatic abduction of the shoulder and neck. Medially rotated arm and pronated hand {Waiter’s Sign}.

Question 9

Klumpke Palsy is? What often causes it? How does it present?

Answer 9

An injury to the C8/T1 nerve roots, inferior trunk, and medial cord. Usually caused from an injury pulling superiorly on the limb. Loss of motor function of intrinsic hand muscles, deep extensor digital flexors, and clawed posture of the fingers.

Question 10

What are the LOAF muscles? What nerve supplies them? Why do you care? Where are they found?

Answer 10

• Lumbricals {2 & 3}
• Opponens Pollicis
• Abductor Pollicis Brevis
• Flexor Pollicis Brevis

The Median Nerve supplies the LOAF muscles, they are the only intrinsic muscles of the hand not controlled by the ulnar nerve. The thenar prominence.

Question 11

Dorsal Interossei perform what movement?

Palmer Interossei perform what movement?

Answer 11

ABduct {DAB}

ADduct {PAD}

Question 12

The order of the the brachial plexus involves what two acronyms? {Protip: One of them is horrible.}

Answer 12

Reach To Drink Cold Beer
{Roots Trunks Divisions Cords Branches}

My Auntie Raped My Uncle
{Musculocutaneous Axillary Radial Median Ulnar}

Question 13

What are the two supinator muscles?

Answer 13

The supinator and the long head of the biceps brachii.

Question 14

Who is most likely to get neck pain?

Answer 14

Women, who have many children, a low level of education, and are working. Smoking and a repetitive or sedentary lifestyle are risk factors.

SES is NOT a risk factor.

Question 15

What is the strongest poor prognosis factor for neck pain?

Answer 15

Poor psychological health.

Question 16

Recall the grading system for whiplash.

Answer 16

WAD Injuries Grading {Whiplash}
Grade 0 — Nothing going on.

Grade 1 — Neck complaints {NC} but no MSK signs. ↓ADL

Grade 2 — NC + MSK {—ROM}, no structural. ↓↓ADL

Grade 3 — NC + MSK + neurological signs. {~Surgery}

Grade 4 — NC + fracture or dislocation. {Urgent Care}

Question 17

Give a definition for chronic pain.

Answer 17

Pain present for ≥ 6 months; lasting longer than the excepted time; or after the resolution of the underlying disease process.

Question 18

Which opioid is safe in pregnant women and works great for several different pain pathways? {Including neuropathic}

Answer 18

Methadone. You need special licensing to prescribe it.

Question 19

What is Physical Dependance?

What is Tolerance?

Answer 19

• The start of adaptation and is NOT diagnostic of addiction. Withdrawal will occur with abrupt discontinuation of the medication.
• Tolerance is a state of adaptation in which you may need to increase the dose or frequency to maintain effect.

Question 20

How is addiction characterized?

{4 C’s}

Answer 20

• Impaired CONTROL.
• COMPULSIVE Use.
• CONSEQUENCES Ignored.
• CRAVING

Question 21

What are Mongolian Spots?

Answer 21

Congenital Dermal Melanocytosis {Birthmarks} which look like bruises.

Question 22

What can Shaken Baby Syndrome cause?

Answer 22

Cardiac arrest, apnea, and seizures.

Question 23

What is Osgood-Schlatter Disease?

Answer 23

Osteochondrosis at the physis and tibial tuberosity usually found in very active kids and resulting from overuse. {F: 10 - 12; M: 13 - 15}.

Question 24

What is the order of ossification centres appearing in the elbow?

Answer 24

CRITOE
Capetellum {1}
Radius {3}
Internal {Medial} Epicondyle {5}
Trochlea {7}
Olecranon {9}
External {Lateral} Epicondyle {11}

Question 25

What is a Segond Fracture?

Answer 25

An avulsion fracture of the lateral tibial condyle which is nearly pathognomic of an ACL tear.

Question 26

The Flexor Digitus Profundus {FDP} muscle has dual innervation by which nerves?

Answer 26

Median Nerve : Fascicles 2 & 3

Ulnar Nerve: Fascicles 4 & 5

Question 27

From lateral to medial what are the muscles of the superficial anterior compartment of the forearm?

Answer 27

Pronator Teres, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Palmaris Longus, Flexor Digitorum Superficialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris.

Question 28

The _______ nerve splits to form the _______. The radial nerve splits to form the ______. The ______ artery splits to form the common interosseous artery which further splits to form the anterior and posterior interosseous arteries.

Answer 28

Median; Anterior Interosseous Artery; Posterior Interosseous Artery; Ulnar