Week 1 - Dermatology Week Flashcards
Immovable joints are also called? What is an example of an immovable joint?
Synarthroses; Ghomphoses - The fibrous joint between the tooth and its socket.
Slightly moveable joints are called? What is an example of a slightly moveable joint?
Amphiarthroses; the fibrous syndesmosis between the ulna and radius.
Primary cartilage is _______? Secondary cartilage is ______?
Hyaline; Fibrous
Freely moveable joints are also called? An example is?
Diathroses; Synovial Joints
Trauma applied to a loose packed joint will often result in ______ while trauma applied to a close packed joint will often result in ______?
Dislocation; Fracture or Fracture-Dislocatation
A preceding history of streptococci infection; acute onset of numerous small, scaly, drop-like plaques; in young adults or childrens sounds liek a diagnosis of?
Guttate Psoriasis
Give an overview for the treatment of psoriasis.
Mild to moderate: Topical corticosteroids and amolients. Vitamin D analogs, topical retinoids can be used in combination for best results.
Severe: Phototherapy and/or systemic retinoids, methotrexate, steroids, cyclosporine, or biologics {anti-TNF and anti-IL-12/23}.
What are three topical steroids commonly used from least to most potent?
Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone, Betamethasone Dipropionate
Pitting of the nails is sometimes seen in what dermatological condition?
Psoriasis
Name several types of psoriasis.
Plaque, Scalp, Guttate, Nail, Pustular, Arthritic
Define: Macule, Papule, Patch, Plaque, Nodule, Vesicle, Pustule, Bulla, Cyst, and Ulcer.
Macule: Flat lesions differing from the surrounding skin in colour, ≤ 1 cm.
Papule: Small, elevated lesion ≤ 1 cm. A papule with scales is called “papulo-squamous”.
Patch: A macule > 1 cm.
Plaque: An elevated lesions whose surface area is greater than its height above the skin. Essentially large plaques.
Nodule: Palpable and solid lesion which is deeper than a papule. ≤ 1 cm.
Vesicle: Elevated, circumscribed lesion which contains fluid. ≤ 1 cm.
Pustule: Elevated, circumscribed lesion which contains purulent exudate.
Bulla: A vesicle > 1 cm.
Cyst: A sac which contains fluid or semi-solid material.
Ulcer: A “hole in the skin” with destruction of at least the epidermis and upper dermis.
What condition is characterized by flat-topped, papulosquamous, violaceous, itchy papules and patches on the flexor aspect of the wrist?
Lichen Planus
When bacteria act on the secretions of _______ glands a scent is produced. Inflammation of these glands is called _______ and may be very painful.
Apocrine, Hidradenitis Suppurative
Recall the red flags of skin melanoma.
Asymmetry
Border {Irregular}
Colour {Non-Uniform}
Diamter {> 6 mm}
Evolving {Change}
Localized, clutstered, and painful blisters are seen in?
Herpes Simplex Infection
HSV infection, mycoplasma pneumonia infection, barbituates, and sulphonamides may cause target-like erythamtous lesion swith dusky centers called _______ ________. These usually appear on what area of the skin?
Erythema Multiforme; The soles of the hands and palms of the feet.
Tinea presents in a ring-like configuration and is caused by _______ _______. What is it treated with? How is tinea capis treated differently?
Superficial Dermatophytes; Topical Antifugals; Oral Antifungals.
The “burrows” of scabies often affect the?
Finger webs, flexor aspect of the wrists, axillary folds, and the male genitalia.
Umbilicated lesions of the face and neck are seen with?
Molluscum Contagiosum
Characteristic findings of impetigo include? What causes impetigo?
Vesicles, bullae, and pustules which become covered by a golden yellow crust. Imeptigo is caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci.
Benign pigmented macules which are well demarcated and brown. Very common in caucasians older than 60.
Lentigo, Lentigo Simplex does not require any treatment while Solar Lentigo should be momitored for any concerning changes.
Pruritus, Violaceous Erythema +/- Edema of the Eyelids {Heliotrope}, and Flat-Topped Violaceous Papules on the Knuckles {Gottron’s Papules} are typical of what condition?
Dermatomyositis
What is the primary cause of Stevens Johnson Syndrome? What is the presetation of SJS?
Starting a new medication, the best treatment is to stop the offending agent.
Presents as a severe Erythema Multiforme with multiple lesions on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. In addition to this, there is extensive erosion and crusting of the lips, oral mucosa, and sometimes genital mucosa. The most severe form is Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. Rapid onset, red plaques which blister and then slough off the body.
Painful nodules on the shin, often with fever, malaise, and arthralgia which generally resolve spontaneously in a few weeks are associated with?
Erythema Nodosum - an inflammation of the subcutaneous fat. Managed with NSAIDs and sometimes systemic steroids.
Palpable Purpura is associated with what? Where does the rash with this condition typically affect?
Vasculitis; The legs and ankles, there are dozens or hundreds of palpable purpuric papules. The papules are non-blanchable.
A potentially invasive, primary cutaneous carcinoma arising from kertinocytes of the skin and mucosa. When they invovle the entire thickness of the epidermis is in known as Bowen Disease. Most often occur on sun exposed areas of the skin.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Raised, Palpable, Skin Colored to Red Papules or Paques with Scaling.
A cancer of low metastatic potential and a translucent surface which is common among fair skinned individuals. There are often prominent telangiectatic vessels over the lesion.
Basal Cell Carcinoma.
There are three types, Nodular BCC {most common}, Superficial BCC {spreads superficially}, and Morpheaform BCC {resembles a scar}.
Can be treated with Imiquimod {immunomodulating agent} and/or Mohs Micrographic Surgery.
Name and describe the four kinds of Malignant Melanomas
Superficial Spreading: The most common type {60-70%} which may occur at any site but is most common on the trunk and legs. Usually an irregularly shaped macule with different shades of color.
Nodular: Second most common type {15-30%} most commonly seen on the trunk, head, and neck. Often presents as a blue to black {sometimes pink to red} nodule which may bleed or ulcerate.
Lentigo Maligna: Third most common {10%} which often occurs in older individuals in sun damaged skin. Slow growing asymmetric brown to black macule with irregular borders and different shades of color.
Acral Lentiginous: Around 5% of melanomas, typically occurs on the palms and soles, or around the nail apparatus. Most commnly seen in dark skinned individuals.
