Week 5 Flashcards
Bacteria types by shape
Cocci
Bacilli
Vibrio
Plemorphic
Pleomorphic
Types of bacteria that can change shapes
Obligate aerobes
Bacteria that requires oxygen for growth
Obligate anaerobes
Bacteria that can’t tolerate oxygen
Facultative anaerobes
Bacteria that prefer O2 for energy production but can switch to anaerobic ex. E coli
Aerotolerant anaerobics
Bacteria that do not use O2, but can tolerate O2 presence. Rely on fermentation. ex. Streptococcus pyogenes
Microaerophiles
Requires low O2 for growth. ex. Helicopter pylori.
Gram-positive bacteria
Thick cell wall -thick peptidoglycan layer, color remains purple.
Gram -Negative bacteria
Thin cell wall -thin peptidoglycan layer, doesn’t retain purple color, appears pink
Classification of Gram-Positive bacteria
High G+C and low G+C
Classification of Gram-Negative bacteria
Proteobacteria, CFB, spirochetes
Acid-fast stain
A type of bacteria staining test that differentiates waxy cell walls
Capsule stain
A type of bacteria stain test that highlights protective capsules around bacteria by staining the background
Endospore stain
A type of bacteria stain test that identify tough, dormant endospores within bacteria cells
Flagella stain
Thickens and stains bacterial flagella to make them visible under a light microscope, aiding in classification
Camphylobacteriosis
A common zoonotic bacteria disease. The risk increases by feeding pets raw food diets, which can harbor the bacteria
Lyme disease
Vector -borne bacterial zoonoses.
Transmitted by ticks, causing rashes, joint pain, potential neurological issues. Common in areas where human and ticks coexist
Tularemia
Vector-borne bacterial zoonoses, spread through tick bites, handling animals, inhaling contaminated dust, leading to symptoms that vary from skin ulcer to pneumonia
Proteobacteria
A type of Gram-Negative bacteria. Has 5 distinctive classes.
Alpha- Beta- Gamma- Delta- and Epsilonprobacteria
Helicobacter pylori
Microaerophilic and Epsilonproteobacteria. Survives in acidic environment of stomach, causing chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer and linked to stomach cancer.
Actinobacteria
High G+C Gram-Positive bacteria. One of the largest Philadelphia of bacterial kingdom. G+C content over 50% up to 70%
Mycolasmas
Wall-less bacteria and pleomorphic, not stained by Gram-stain. Walking pneumonia, M. pneumonia belong here.
