Week 2 : One Health Flashcards
Epidemiology
The study of how diseases occur in different groups of people and why. Essential for understanding disease origin, frequency, patterns, causes and risk factors in population
Morbidity
Having a disease or a symptom of a disease, or to the amount of disease within a population
Morbidity measurement
Prevalence and incidence
Prevalence
The number or proportion of individuals with particular illness in a given population at a point in time ( cases of existing cases)
Incidence
The number or proportion of new cases in a period of time (cases of new cases)
Patterns of incidence
Sporadic
Endemic
Epidemic
Pandemic
Epidemic
Unexpected or rapid spread of a disease or health event in a specific geographic area or population
Pandemic
Disease spreads across counties or continents rapidly, results in new cases appearing daily
Epidemic threshold
5 % of test positive, a minimum of 15 weekly detection are reported
Endemic examples
Corona virus, influenza, lyme disease, hepatitis V
Examples of Epidemc
Ebola virus in West Africa, MERS in the middle East, Cholera in Yemen, Measles recently
Pandemic examples
2019 COVID 19
2015 Zika
2023 SARS
1981 HIV/AIDS
Aetiology
Study of the causes of disease
Epidemiology Trad
Host
Agent
Environment
Sensitivity
The ability of the test to identify the presence of a disease or illness correctly (True positive)
Specificity
The ability of the test to identify the absence of a disease or illness correctly ( True negative)
High sensitivity
Good for screening test (low false negativity - delays in diagnosis & treatment, false sense of security, risky behaviours)
High specificity
Good for confirmatory tests (low false positive - more testing, more costly, psychological effects)
Zoonotic disease
Diseases and infections transmitted between humans & animals
One health
Multidisciplinary approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of human health, animal health and environment health
