Week 5

Question 1

Parietal lobe

Answer 1

sensory processing

Question 2

Occipital lobe

Answer 2

vision processing

Question 3

thalamus

Answer 3

relay system

Question 4

hypothalamus

Answer 4

homeostasis, hormone regulation, sleep regulation

Question 5

hippocampus

Answer 5

memory consolidation and learning

Question 6

cerebellum

Answer 6

balance and coordination
voluntary movements, posutre

Question 7

medulla

Answer 7

autonomic functions

Question 8

amygdala

Answer 8

social cognition, emotion processing (fear)

Question 9

basal ganglia

Answer 9

practice motor movement
major dopamine pathway - learning and memory
eye movements

Question 10

Motor

Answer 10

cerebellum
medulla
thalamus
frontal lobe (primary motor cortex)

Question 11

sensory function

Answer 11

occipital
parietal (somatosensory cortex)
temporal
thalamus
cerebellum

Question 12

emotional cognition / reward

Answer 12

amygdala (fear)
basal ganglia
frontal lobe
hypothalamus
ventral tegmental area

Question 13

language

Answer 13

broca’s
wernicke’s

Question 14

memory

Answer 14

temporal lobe
hippocampus (memory consolidation)
corpus callosum
basal ganglia (dopamine pathways)
frontal lobe

Question 15

autonomic functions

Answer 15

cerebellum (balance, coordination, voluntary movements, posture)

medulla oblongata (autonomic functions)

hypothalamus (homeostasis)

Question 16

information processing

Answer 16

thalamus
corpus callosum
frontal lobe

Question 17

executive function

Answer 17

frontal lobe

Question 18

What is executive function?

Answer 18

Inhibition
planning and organisation
cognitive flexibility
concept formation, reasoning, problem solving

Question 19

Where abouts does executive functioning occur?

Answer 19

Dorsolateral PFC: cognitive
- problem solving, organisation, cognitive flexibility, emotional range

Orbitofrontal PFC (eye): behavioural
- disinhibition, impulsivity, distractibility, emotional lability

Ventromedial PFC: emotional
- apathy, emotional blunting, impaired decision making

Question 20

What are the problems associated with neuropsychological assessment of executive functioning?

Answer 20

• the structure of the assessment leaves little room for inappropriate behaviour
• need to focus on the qualitative assessment findings
• need to take into account informant reports of day-to-day functioning
• involves non-executive skills
• ecological validity?

Question 21

Assessment of inhibition

Answer 21

• ability to withhold automatic responding and respond in a novel manner
  –> via the stroop test
  –> via Hayling’s sentence completion test

Question 22

assessment of planning and organisation

Answer 22

• identification of steps and elements needed to achieve a goal.

–> clock drawing
–> rey complex figure test
–> key search test

Question 23

assessment of cognitive flexibility

Answer 23

• swithc between different ways of responding
  –> trail making test
  –> clock drawing (they might juts keep writing numbers)
  –> sorting task

Question 24

assessment of concept formation, reasoning and problem solving

Answer 24

• devleoping concepts and strategies to solve complex problems
  –> sorting task
  –> spatial anticipation task (circles)
  –> verbal fluency (FAS animals) (for most, semantic category is easier than letter)
  –> reasoning based on verbal information
  –> tower task

Question 25

What are the conditions effecting exec function

Answer 25

TBI- frontal lobes are particularly vulnerable

Frontotemporal dementia

Schizophrenia