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OM > week 5 > Flashcards

week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Planning horizons

A
  1. Strategic planning horizon
    Long-term planning
  2. Tactical planning horizon
    intermediate planning
  3. Operational planning horizon
    short-term planning
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2
Q

Aggregate planning

A

Aggregate planning provides quantity and timing of production for intermediate future. They are given in aggregate units.

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3
Q

What is the objective of aggregate planning?

A

The objective is to look at production in the aggregate, not a product by product breakdown

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4
Q

What is disaggregation

A

disaggregation is the process of breaking the aggregate plan down into greater detail, aka, master production schedule

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5
Q

Aggregate planning ways of changing what?

A
  1. Changing capacity
  2. Changing demandW
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6
Q

What are the 2 different strategies?

A
  1. Chase strategy
    Align production with demand through hiring or firing
  2. Level strategy
    Keep a constant production level
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7
Q

What is just-in-time (JIT)

A

supplies are pulled rather than pushed through the system to arrive where they are needed when they are needed.

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8
Q

What are the 7 wastes of JIT?

A
  1. Overproduction - when things are produced more than needed
  2. Waiting - resources are waiting to be produced
  3. Transportation - unnecessary transportation
  4. Inefficient processing
  5. Inventory - too much inventory
  6. Unnecessary motion - there shouldn’t be wasteful motion
  7. Product defects - high quality means no defects
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9
Q

Push vs pull control

A

Push system means material is pushed into downstream workstations
Pull systems means material is pulled to a workstation just as it is needed

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10
Q

JIT success factors

A
  1. Preventative maintenance - carrying out maintenance before emergencies occur
  2. inventory - work with limited inventory levels
  3. shceduling systems
  4. quality
  5. employee empowerment
  6. layout
  7. suppliers
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11
Q

What is the definition of inventory in JIT

A

inventory means minimum inventory to keep the system runningHow

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12
Q

how does lower inventory mean better ?

A

reducing inventory reveals problems so they can be resolved. high levels hide problems

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13
Q

What is SMED - single minute exchange of dies

A

a method to reduce setup times to a minimum
3 Steps of SMED
- distinguish between external and internal setup time. External setup time is the setup you can do while machine is running
- make internal setup time external
- reduce internal setup time

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14
Q

What are level schedules?

A

we produce a lot of small even amounts that are the same. Lots are made every cycle length

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15
Q

what is switchover time

A

the time it takes to switch production over to another product

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16
Q

What is kanban?

A

A signal that “pulls” material.

17
Q

The number of kanban is decided by the formula:

A

(demand during lead time + SS )/ size of container or lot size

18
Q

What are 4 basic strategies for processes

A
  1. Process focus
  2. Product focus
  3. Repetitive focus
  4. Mass customization
19
Q

Process focus?

A

Facilities are organized around specific activities or processes needed to create a product
It is high variety, low volume. Equipment is general purpose. Fixed cost is low, variable cost is high

20
Q

What is a product focus strategy?

A

products go through the same processes and long continuous productions. High volume, low variety, equipment is specialized, fixed cost is high and variable cost is low

21
Q

What is reptitive focus strategy

A

Facilities are organized as assembly lines and modules are used. Volume fairly high with standardized products with options. Built from modules

22
Q

Mass customization strategy?

A

High volume with high variety. Uses modules and has high fixed cost and low variable cost.
It is a built-to-rder. BTO.

23
Q

What are the PPB points?

A
  1. make-to-order starts from the storage of raw materials. orders are received and production starts.
  2. Assemble-to-order from the storage of components. Orders are received and modules are assembled.
  3. make-to-stock starts from the storage of final products. we product to storage
24
Q

What are the processes and the PPBs associsated?

A
  1. Process focus
    make-to-order
  2. product focus
    make to store
  3. reptitive focus
    make to order
  4. mass customization
    assemble-to-order
25
Q

Approaches to capacity expansion

A
  1. Leading demand with incremental expansion
    capacity is always above demand little by little
  2. Leading demand with one-step expansion
    A big additional capacity is done.
  3. LAgging capacity with incremental expansion
    We increase demand after demand increased
  4. attempts to have a average capacity with incremental expansion
    capacity is increased when demand goes over but goes above demand for a little storage
26
Q

Breakeven analysis

A

Find when total cost equals total revenue
TC=TR
OR
BEP = F / (P-V)

27
Q

what is revenue managemet?

A

it is matching capacity and demand by charging different prices based on WTP. changes focus of aggregate planning from capacity to demand maangement

28
Q

what are the 5S’s and 2 more in JIT

A
  1. sort/segregate - keep what is needed and remove everything unneeded.
  2. simplify/straighten
  3. shine/sweep
  4. standardize
  5. sustain/self-discipline
  6. safety
  7. support/maintenance
29
Q

what is lean layout

A

lean layouts reduce movement waste and place material only where needed.

30
Q

What is lean inventory

A

it is the minimum inventory necessary to keep a perfect system running.

31
Q

Service process strategies

A
  1. mass service - customization is low, labor is high
  2. professional service
    customization and labor is high
  3. service factory - low customization and labor
  4. service shop - high customisation adn low labor
32
Q

What is theory of constraints?

A

TOC is a body of knowledge that deals with anything that limits an organizations

33
Q

4 principles of bottleneck

A

1 release work orders to system at pace set by bottleneck
2. loss time at bottleneck represents lost capacity for the system
3. increasing capacity of a nonbottleneck has no effect
4. increasing capacity of bottleneck improves entire system

OM (7 decks)

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