Week 5 Flashcards
Analgesia
Stage of anesthesia in which the patient is relaxed and conscious.
Anesthesia
Temporary loss of feeling or sensation.
Anesthetic
Medication that produces the temporary loss of feeling or sensation.
Aspirate
draw back or to draw within.
Diffuse
spread from an area of high concentration to one of low concentration.
Duration
Time from induction to complete reversal of anesthesia.
Gauge
Standard dimension or measurement of the thickness of an injection needle.
Induction
Time from injection to effective anesthesia.
Innervation
Supply or distribution of nerves to a specific body part.
Lumen
The hollow center of the injection needle.
Oximetry
Measurement of oxygen concentration in the blood.
Permeate
spread or flow throughout.
Porous
object with minute openings that allow the passage of gas or fluid.
Systemic toxicity
Relating to a system, or typically the entire body.
Tidal volume
Amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath.
Titrate
determine the concentration of a substance.
Titration
The process of determining the exact amount of a drug or substance that would be used to achieve a desired level of sedation.
Vasoconstrictor
Type of drug that constricts (narrows) blood vessels; used to prolong anesthetic action.
Bleeding index
Method of scoring the amount of bleeding present.
Bone augmentation
Addition of natural or synthetic bone to a surgical site.
Chisel scaler
Instrument used to remove supragingival calculus in the contact area of anterior teeth. The blade on the chisel scaler is curved slightly to adapt to the tooth surfaces.
Crown lengthening
Surgical procedure to expose more tooth surface.
Curette
Surgical instrument used to remove tissue from the tooth socket; also curet.
File
metal tool of varying size and form with numerous ridges or teeth on its cutting surfaces.
Gingivectomy
Surgical removal of diseased gingival tissues.
Gingiviplasty
Surgical reshaping and contouring of gingival tissues.
Gracey curette
Curette with one cutting edge, “area specific”; it is designed to adapt to specific tooth surfaces (mesial or distal)
Hoe scaler
Type of scaler used to remove heavy supragingival calculus; it is most effective when used on buccal and lingual surfaces of the posterior teeth.
Kirkland knife
Double-ended knife with kidney-shaped blades; commonly used in periodontal surgery.
Laser
Highly concentrated beam of light; acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.
Mobility
To have movement
Occlusal trauma
Abnormal occlusal relationships of the teeth, causing injury to the periodontium.
Orban knife
Knife with a spearlike shape and cutting edges on both sides of the blade; it is used to remove tissue from the interdental areas.
Osseous surgery
Surgical specialty of removing defects in
bone.
Ostectomy
Surgery involving the removal of bone.
Osteoplasty
Surgery in which bone is added, contoured, and reshaped.
Periodontal charting
Commonly accepted notations that are made to the patient’s chart to indicate the condition, position, and restorative history of individual teeth.
Periodontal dressing
Surgical dressing applied to a surgical site for protection, similar to a bandage.
Periodontal explorer
Fine, thin instrument that is easily adapted around
root surfaces
Periodontal flap surgery
Incisional surgery performed when excisional surgery is not indicated. In flap surgery, the tissues are not removed but are pushed away from the underlying tooth roots and alveolar bone, similar to the flap of an envelope.
Periodontal plastic surgery
Surgical procedures of mucogingival
tissues
Periodontal pocket
Deepening of the gingival sulcus beyond normal;
results from periodontal disease.
Periodontal probe
Probe used to locate and measure the depth of periodontal pockets; tapered to fit into the gingival sulcus with a blunt or rounded tip.
Root planing
Procedure that smooths the surface of a root by removing abnormal toxic cementum or dentin that is rough, contaminated, or permeated with calculus.
Scaling
Removal of calcareous deposits from the teeth with the use of suitable instruments.
Sickle scaler
hook-shaped instrument that is available in various sizes and shapes and is used for the removal of tenacious supragingival deposits of calculus.
Ultrasonic scaler
Device used for rapid calculus removal; it operates on high-frequency sound waves.
Universal curette
Hand instrument used to treat subgingival surfaces; it has a blade with an unbroken cutting edge that curves around the toe and a flat face set at a 90-degree angle to the lower shank.
Alveolitis
Inflammation and infection associated with the disturbance of a blood clot after extraction of an impacted tooth.
Alveoplasty
The surgical shaping and smoothing of the margins of the tooth socket after extraction of the tooth, generally in preparation for placement of a prosthesis.
Bone file
Surgical instrument used to smooth rough edges of bone structure.
Chisel
Surgical instrument used for cutting or severing a tooth and bone structure.
Curette
Surgical instrument used to remove tissue from the tooth socket; also curet.
Donning
Act of placing on an item, such as gloves; dressing.
Elevator
Surgical instrument used to reflect and retract the periodontal ligament and periosteum.
Excisional biopsy
Surgical procedure in which tissue is cut from a suspect oral lesion.
Exfoliative biopsy
Diagnostic procedure in which cells are scraped from a suspect oral lesion for analysis.
Forceps
Surgical instrument used to grasp and hold onto
teeth for their removal.
Hard tissue impaction
Oral condition in which a tooth is partially to fully covered by bone and gingival tissue.
Hemostat
Surgical instrument used to hold or grasp
items.
Impacted tooth
Tooth that has not erupted.
Incisional biopsy
Section of suspect oral lesion that is removed for evaluation.
Luxate
dislocate, as a tooth from its socket.
Mallet
Hammer-like instrument used with a chisel to section teeth or bone.
Needle holder
Surgical instrument used to hold the suture needle.
Outpatient
Patient seen and treated by a physician, then sent home for recovery.
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon
Dentist who has specialized in surgeries of the head and neck
Oral and maxillofacial surgeon
Dental surgical specialty that diagnoses and treats conditions of the mouth, face, upper jaw (maxilla), and associated areas.
Retractor
Surgical instrument used to hold back soft
tissue.
Rongeur
Surgical instrument used to cut and trim the alveolar bone.
Root tip picks
Surgical instrument used for the removal of root tips or fragments from the surgical site.
Scalpel
Surgical knife.
Soft tissue impaction
Oral condition in which a tooth is partially to fully covered by gingival tissue.
Who was the first dentist to use NO on his patients?
Horace Wells
What color code is used for N,O tanks?
Blue
How is the dental team at risk for overexposure to N,0?
N2O escapes in the atmosphere
What is given to the patient before and after N20/02?
100% oxygen
How do patients most often seek periodontal care?
Referred by general dentist/dental hygienist for treatment of periodontal condition
What information is included in the periodontal charting?
Pocket readings
Fur cations
Tooth mobility
Exudate (pus)
Gingival recession
Should teeth have any mobility?
Slight amount
What is the depth of a normal sulcus?
3 mm or less
What units of measurement are used on the periodontal probe?
Mm
What type of radiograph is especially useful in periodontics?
Bitewing radiographs
What instruments are used to remove calculus from supragingival surfaces?
Sickle scalers
Chisel scalers
Hoe scalers
What instruments are used to remove calculus from subgingival surfaces?
Curettes
What is the purpose of explorers in periodontal treatment?
To locate deposits of calculus
What is the difference between a Universal curette and a Gracey curette?
Universal- two cutting edge, adapt to all tooth surfaces
Gracey- one cutting edge, Mesial or distal
What is the purpose of a periodontal pocket marker?
Used to mark the area for an incision on the gingiva
How do ultrasonic scalers work?
Converting sound waves into mechanical energy
What oral conditions would contraindicate the use of an ultrasonic scaler?
Demineralized areas
Narrow pockets
Exposed dental surfaces
Restorative materials
Titanium implant abutments
should an ultrasonic scaler be used on a patient with a communicable disease
No
What are the more common terms for dental prophylaxis?
Prophy
Cleaning
Who can legally perform a dental prophylaxis procedure?
Dentist
Dental hygienist
What are 3 nonsurgical periodontal treatments?
Dental prophylaxis
Scaling and root planing
Gingival curettage
How is tetracycline used in periodontal treatment?
Antibiotic
What is the primary goal of periodontal surgery?
Control the progress of periodontal destruction and loss of attachment
From a patient’s point of view, what are the primary disadvantages of periodontal surgery?
Time
Cost
Esthetics
Discomfort
What is a gingivectomy?
Surgical removal of diseased gingival tissue
What is the purpose of osseous surgery?
To eliminate pockets, remove defects, and restore normal contours in the bone
What is the function of a periodontal surgical dressing?
Acts as a bandage over the surgical site
What materials are most commonly used in periodontal dressings?
Zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE)
Noneugenol
Are there any training requirements for persons who work with lasers?
Yes
Can a general dentist perform extractions?
Yes
How can surgical assistants further their profession?
On the job training or specialized program for surgical dental assistant
In which two settings can a patient receive oral surgery?
Private dental office and hospital operating room
Are outpatient oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures considered major or minor surgeries?
Minor
What does the periosteal elevator reflect and retract?
The periosteum from the surface of the bone
What number is given to the universal forceps?
150 adults
151 kids
What surgical instrument resembles a spoon excavator?
Surgical curette
What surgical instrument is used to trim and shape bone?
Rongeur
What is the difference between a hemostat and a needle holder?
Hemostat (only surations) grabs bone and soft tissue
Needle holder (hole in the middle) holds needle
When the chisel is used, what additional surgical instrument must be used?
Mallet
What equipment is used when a surgical sorub is performed?
Orange stick
Antimicrobial soap
Sterile surgical scrub brush
Sterile disposable towels
What procedure is commonly completed after multiple teeth have been removed from the same quadrant or arch?
Alveoplasty
Which type of impaction occurs when a tooth is located directly under the gingival tissue?
Soft tissue impaction
Which type of biopsy is done when a surface lesion is scraped to attain cells?
Exfoliative biopsy
To what does the term suture refer?
The act of stitching
What are the 3 types of nonabsorbable suture material?
Silk
Polyester fiber
Nylon
What is the approximate time frame for removing nonabsorbable sutures?
5-7 days
long should a pressure pack remain on a surgical site to control bleeding?
30 minutes
What analgesic may be prescribed for swelling?
Ibuprofen
Would you instruct a patient to use a hot compress or a cold compress for swelling?
Cold
Dycal
Used with composite and amalgam
Purpose is to insulate and protect the tooth pulp from the irritating effects of the filling material
