Week 2 Flashcards
Yellow cap 27 ha
Long needle used for anesthetic injections on lower teeth
Blue cap 30 ga
Short needle used for anesthetic injections on upper teeth
Isolation techniques
Cotton rolls, dental dam
Dental dam clamps
14a upper molars
8a or W7 lower molars
2a all bicuspids
Double bow (212) anterior teeth
Static zone
12-2 (right hand)
10-12 (left hand)
Assistant zone
2-4 (right handed)
8-10 (left handed)
Transfer zone
4-7 (right handed dentist)
5-8 left handed
Doctor zone (operators zone)
7-12 (right handed)
12-5 (left hand)
Aspirate
To draw back or to draw within
Bow
Rounded part of clamp that extends through the dental dam
Beveled
Characterized by an angle of a surface that meets another angle
Exposed
Pertaining to selected teeth visible through the dam; isolated
Invert
To reverse the position, order, or condition. To turn inside out or upside down
Isolated
Pertaining to selected teeth visible through the dam; exposed
Jaws
Part of a clamp that is shaped into four prongs to help stabilize the clamp on the tooth
Malaligned
Displaced out of line, especially teeth displaced from normal relation to the line of the dental arch; also called malposed
Septum
Dental dam material located between the holes of the punched dam
Stylus
Sharp, pointed tool used for cutting
Universal
Pertaining to the same clamp that can be placed on the same type of tooth on the opposite quadrant
Winged clamp
Type of dental dam clamp that has extensions to help retain the dental dam
Bur
Rotary instrument used in all aspects of dentistry
Console
Freestanding cabinet that holds contents or control devices, such as the laser handpiece
Dental handpiece
Electrical device that rotates a selection of rotary equipment for dental procedures
Flutes
Blades on the working end of a finishing rotary instrument that resembles pleats
Laser
Fiber optic cable that produces a laser light
Mandrel
Metal shaft on which a sandpaper disk or other abrasive materials are mounted
Rotary
Part or device that rotates around an axis
Shank
Part of an instrument in which the handle attaches to the working end
Torque
Twisting or turning force
Ultrasonic
Referring to mechanical radiant energy of water and sound vibrations used to break down material or tissue
Delegate
To authorize or entrust another person to perform a specific skill or procedure
Direct supervision
Level of supervision in which the dentist is physically present when the auxiliary performs delegated functions
Expanded function
Specific intraoral function delegated to an auxiliary that requires advanced skill and training
Four handed dentistry
The operator and assistant work together to perform clinical procedures in an ergonomically structured environment
Fulcrum
Finger rest used when one holds an instrument or handpiece for a specific time
Grasp
The correct way for an instrument or handpiece to be held
Indirect supervision
Overseeing an assistants work by working in the immediate area
Indirect vision
Viewing an object with the use of a mirror
Operating zones
Concept by which the face of a clock is used to position the dental team, equipment and supplies
Autoclave
Instrument for sterilization by means of moist heat under pressure
Biologic indicators
Vials or strips, also known as spore tests, that contain harmless bacterial spores. Used to determine whether sterilization has occurred
Biologic monitoring
Verifies sterilization by confirming that all spore forming microorganisms have been destroyed
Chemical vapor sterilization
Means or hot formaldehyde vapors under pressure
Clean area
Place where sterilized instruments, fresh disposable supplies and prepared trays are stored
Contaminated area
Place where contaminated items are brought for pre cleaning
Critical instrument
Used to penetrate soft tissue or bone
Dry heat sterilization
Heated air
Endospore
Resistant dormant structure formed inside of some bacteria that can withstand adverse conditions
Event related packaging
Instruments in packages should remain sterile indefinitely unless an event causes them to become contaminated (torn, wet packaging)
Multi parameter indicators
Strips placed in packages that change color when exposed to a combination of heat, temp, and time. Known as integrator
Non critical instrument
Item that comes in contact with intact skin only
Process indicators
Tapes, strips, or tabs with heat sensitive chemicals that change color when exposed to a certain temperature
Process integrators
Strips placed in packages that change color when exposed to a combination of heat, temperature and time
Semi critical instrument
Item that comes in contact with oral tissues but does not penetrate soft tissue or bone
Single parameter indicator
Tapes, strips, or tabs with beat sensitive chemicals that change color when exposed to a particular temperature. Known as process indicators
Sterilization
Process that kills all microorganisms
Ultrasonic cleaner
Instrument that loosens and removes debris by sound waves traveling through a liquid
Use life
Period of time during which a germicidal solution is effective after it has been prepared for use
Antiseptic
Substance for killing microorganisms on the skin
Bio burden
Blood, saliva, and other bodily fluids
Broad spectrum activity
Capable of killing a wide range of microbes
Chlorine dioxide
Effective, rapid acting environmental surface disinfectant or chemical sterilant
Clinical contact surface
Surface touched by contaminated hands, instruments, or spatter during dental treatment
Disinfectant
Chemical used to reduce or lower the number of microorganisms on inanimate objects
Environmental surface
Surface within healthcare facility that is not directly involved in patient care but that may become contaminated during the course of treatment ( countertop, floor, walls)
Fungicidal
Product that is capable of killing fungi
Glutaraldehyde
Environmental protection agency registered high level disinfectant
High level disinfectant
Hospital disinfectant with tuberculocidal activity
Hospital disinfectant
With the ability to kill straphylococcus aureus, salmonella choleraesuis, pseudomonas aeruginosa
Housekeeping surface
Surface that is not contaminated during dental treatment (floors, walls)
Immersion disinfectant
Disinfectant used for immersion of heat sensitive instruments
Intermediate level disinfectant
Liquid disinfectant with EPA registration as a hospital disinfectant with tuberculocidal activity. Used to disinfect operatory surfaces
Iodophor
EPA registered intermediate level hospital disinfectant
Low level disinfectant
disinfectant that destroys certain viruses and fungi. Used for general house cleaning
Pre cleaning
Removal of bio burden before disinfectant
Residual activity
Action that continues long after initial application, as with disinfectants
Reuse life
Time period that a disinfectant should remain effective during use and reuse
Shelf life
How long a product may be stored before use
Single use items
Items that are used on only one patient and then are thrown away
Sodium hypochlorite
Surface disinfectant commonly known as household bleach
Splash spatter and droplet surface
Surface that does not contact members of the dental team Or contaminated instruments or supplies
Sporocidal
Capable of killing bacterial spores
Sterilant
Agent that kills all microorganisms
Surface barrier
Fluid resistant material used to cover surfaces likely to become contaminated
Synthetic phenol
EPA registered intermediate level hospital disinfectant with broad spectrum disinfecting action
Touch surface
Surface directly touched and contaminated during procedures
Transfer surface
Surface not directly touched but often contacted by contaminated instruments
Tuberculocidal
Capable of inactivating tuberculosis causing microorganisms
Virucidal
Capable of killing some viruses
Why must surfaces in dental treatment rooms be disinfected or protected with barriers
Risk for disease transmission
What are the two methods that deal with surface contamination
To prevent the surface from being contaminated with the use of a surface barrier
To preclean and disinfect the surface between patients
Why is recommended to use single use items
Reduce contamination
Plastic less expensive
Save time. Doesn’t have to be cleaned
What should you do if the barrier becomes torn
Replace barrier then clean
Which regulation requires the use of surface disinfection
OSHA
Occupational safety and health administration
Why must surfaces be precleaned
Precleaning reduces the number of microbes and removes blood, saliva, and other bodily fluids called bioburden
For which type of surface must barriers be placed
Areas that are difficult to clean
How are antiseptics different from disinfectants
Antiseptics are applied to living tissue
Disinfectant applied to inanimate objects
Which agency regulates disinfectants
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency
What is the ideal disinfectant
Would rapidly kill a broad spectrum of bacteria, would inhibit residual activity, minimal toxicity and would not damage surfaces to be treated
Does not exist
What disinfectant can leave a reddish or yellowish stain
Iodophors
What is a disadvantage of synthetic phenols
Leave a residual film
What is a more common term for sodium hypochlorite
Household bleach
Are alcohol disinfectants effective when blood or saliva is present
No. Rapid rate of evaporation limits the antimicrobial activity
What are two uses of chlorine dioxide
Chemical sterilant
Effective, rapid acting, environmental surface disinfectant
What are the three instrument classification that are used to determine the method of sterilization
Critical, semicritical, noncritical
What PPE is necessary when one is processing instruments
Utility gloves, mask, eyewear and protective clothing
What is the basic rule of the workflow pattern in an instrument processing area
From dirty to clean to sterile to storage. In a single loop
If instruments cannot be processed immediately what should be done with them
Places in a holding solution to prevent the drying of blood and debris
Name three methods of precleaning instruments
Hand cleaning
Ultrasonic cleaning
Instrument washing machine
What method of precleaning instruments is the least desirable
Hand scrubbing
How does an ultrasonic cleaner work
Sound waves
What prevents kitchen dishwashers from being used to preclean instruments
Dishwashers do not get hot enough
How can instrument rusting be prevented
Dry heat
Why should instruments be packaged before sterilization
To prevent contamination after being sterilized
Why should you never use pins staples or paper clips on instruments packages
They could penetrate the package
What are the most common forms of heat sterilization
Steam sterilization
Chemical vapor
Dry heat (autoclave)
What is a primary disadvantage of flash sterilization
Unwrapped instruments are no longer sterile once they are removed from the sterilizer
What is a major advantage of chemical vapor sterilization
It does not rust dull or corrode dry metal instruments
What are two types of dry heat sterilization
Static air
Forced air
What is the primary disadvantage of liquid chemical sterilization
Highly toxic
Requires 10 hours contact time
How should instruments processed in a liquid chemical sterilant be rinsed
Rinsed with sterile water dry with sterile towel and placed in sterile container
What cause’s sterilization failure
Improper instrument cleaning or packaging and sterilizer malfunction
What are the three forms of sterilization monitoring
Physical
Chemical
Biologic
What is a process indicator and where is it placed
Simply identify instruments packs that have been exposed to a certain temperature
Placed outside of instrument packaging before sterilization
What is a process integrator and where is it placed
Respond to a combination of pressure temperature and time
Places inside instrument packages
Do process I dictators and intergrators ensure that an item is sterile
No
Visual control of sterilizing conditions
What is the best way to determine whether sterilization has occurred
Biologic monitoring
How should high speed handpieces be processed before sterilization
Flushing
Oil and lubricant
What types of heat sterilization are appropriate for high speed handpieces
Steam
Chemical vapor
What does event related packaging mean
It is assumed the contents will remain sterile indefinitely unless some event (torn or wet packaged) occurs to contaminate the contents
How should clean supplies and instruments be stored
In closed or covered cabinets
State two goals of the dental team that would simplify dental treatment in the dental office
Use preset trays
Follow the principles of motion
I’m relation to the operator should the assistant be positioned Lower or higher when seated properly
Higher (4-6 inches)
How should the operator maintain the forearms when working on a patient
Parallel to the floor when bent at the elbow
I’m terms of the clock concept where is the static zone located for a right handed operator
12 to 2
Left hand 10-12
Where are instruments exchanged during a procedure
Transfer zone
4 to 7
Left 5 to 8
Besides the assistant what may be located in the assistants zone
Mobile cabinet
Should the assistant use one or both hands to transfer instruments
One hand
Which hand is I’m used primarily to transfer to a right handed dentist
Left
What is indirect vision
Viewing an object through the use of a mouth mirror
What is another term for a finger rest
Fulcrum
How did the first dental handpiece operate
By a long belt running over a series of pulleys then back to the motor, continuously moving the inserted rotary instrument
What are the two most common types of dental hand piece
Low speed
High speed
How fast does the low speed handpiece rotate
10,000 to 30,000 rpm
Which attachment is used to hold a latch type bur
Contra angle attachment
How fast does the high speed handpiece operate
Up to 450,000 rpm
How is the tooth kept cool and clean during use of the high speed handpiece
Water coolant system
HVE
What type of bur locking system is found on the high speed handpiece
Friction grip device
On the high speed handpiece what helps to illuminate the working field
Fiber optic light
What type of handpiece resembles a sandblaster
Air abrasion handpiece
What two types of evacuators are used in operative dental procedures
Saliva ejector
HVE
What is the main function of the saliva ejector
To remove liquids from the mouth
What are the operative suction tips made from
Durable plastic
What type of rinsing technique is performed throughout a procedure
Limited area rinsing
Setting up for treatment
Set up mobile cabinet
Tubs and trays
Seat patient and place bib (unless there for a consultation)
Notify doctor
Dental dam purpose and materials
Endodontic procedure
Keeps the field dry
Rubber dam, frame, clamps, rubber dam forceps, hole puncher
Cleaning after treatment
Dispose of things properly
Disposables, sharps, instruments to sterilize
Put away tub and trays
Disinfect room
