Week 5

Question 1

Strategic niche management actions (3)

Answer 1

Shielding
Nurturing
Empowering

Question 2

Shielding

Answer 2

Protect against harsh prevailing regimes to allow developments of momentum

Question 3

Nurturing

Answer 3

Provide resources for development through networking positive expectations and learning in experiments

Question 4

Empowering

Answer 4

Allow niche community to press for institutional change and make nich innovations competitive

Question 5

Different innovation systems levels

Answer 5

National, sectoral, regional, technological which can all overlap

Question 6

Steps in creating new innovation systems

Answer 6

• structure
• phase of development
• functions
• system failures
• policy instruments

Question 7

4 types of functions/phases

Answer 7

pre-development
development
take-off
acceleration

Question 8

7 key processes for building an IS

Answer 8

• entrepreneurial experiments
• knowledge development
• knowledge exchange
• guidance of the search
• resources mobilization
• market formation
• counteract resistance to change

Question 9

How to change a regime

Answer 9

put pressure on it and intervene, it will help system failures and work as a policy instrument

We need innovations systems and transition management

Question 10

Length of transition 3 levels of explanation

Answer 10

Consumer
Firm level; innovations dilemma
Context level; TIC

Question 11

Consumers level

Answer 11

Attributes of adoption:
relative advantage
complexity
compatibility
trialability
observability

also depends on type of decision:
optional, collective, authority

Question 12

What is different between sustainable innovation and normal

Answer 12

attributes are different
early adaptor category is different
firm behave under bounded rationality, no disruptive innovations: low investment rate

Question 13

Innovations dilemma

Answer 13

people resist change and do not even want to understand sustainable products out of fear of cannibalization
Stuck in current network, consumers etc.
Not seeing new innovations

Question 14

Techno-Insitutional-Complex(TIC)

Answer 14

large complex ecosystem where firms act in, all these networks and connections that need to be changed

Question 15

Networks in TIC

Answer 15

producer, user, societal groups, financial networks, public autorities, research network, suppliers

Question 16

What is needed for sustainable change

Answer 16

A change in regime and rules. The current rules are an outcome of historical power positions

Question 17

Socio technical regime

Answer 17

network of actors
Regulative: regulation
Cognitive: beliefs
Normative: values
-> can be constraining or enabling

Question 18

Formal network

Answer 18

an organizational structure with clearly identifiable members where firms and other organizations come together to achieve common aims or to solve specific tasks

Question 19

Theoretical background concepts TIS change (3)

Answer 19

Technological innovation systems and the role of romal networks
Resource based reasoning
System building and the role of resources

Question 20

Network resources

Answer 20

are assets of a formal network that are of strategic value for network members. They are generated through the inerplay of actors and their organizational resources in the network

Question 21

2 types of networks

Answer 21

drawing on organizational resources and those on network resources

Question 22

How to shift into a new regime with limited technological capabilities

Answer 22

• early market niches
• available knowledge
• institutional support
• the role of expectations

Question 23

Selection environment

Answer 23

things that are important in order to change towards sustainability
supply and demand side
D: compatibility
S: beliefs and imagination

Question 24

Conditions of radical technological change

Answer 24

• importance of new scientific insights
• times of war and or crises
• need for quick improvements

Question 25

Niches and government

Answer 25

with certain actions the government can motivate niche management (taxation and subsidies)
–> cars in cities

Question 26

Carbon lock in

Answer 26

society is dependent on fossil fuels due to various factors such as infrastructure, technological inertia and regulatory frameworks

Question 27

Firm implications of techno-institutional complex change

Answer 27

• shift of focus from firm to system
• firm need to invest in a new systen:
• Pressure present system
• Strenghten niches

Question 28

How to change systems

Answer 28

Multiple actors
Informal and formal change
TIS, Resource based reasoning, role of resources and system building

–> create network with innovating actos to share knowledge and resources

Question 29

Different resources innovating networks are connected

Answer 29

• tangible: joint artifacts
• human: joint knowledge
• structural: common understanding of goals and market preparation
• relational: reputaion and legitimization

Question 30

Solutions for carbon lock in

Answer 30

• development of new technologies
• changes in regulation
• shift in societal norms and values
• collaboration between different stakeholders

Question 31

Key concepts for carbon lock in Unruh (11)

Answer 31

Path dependency
Technological regime
Technological trajectory
Socio-technical regime
Sustainability transition
Co-evolution
Technological inertia
Infrastruture dependence
Economic and politcal power
Regualtory frameworks
Social norms and values