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Biochemistry > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Main Organic Molecules

What are the 4 groups?

A

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Proteins

Nucleic Acids

* also known as macro molecules *

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2
Q

Give an example of a Non Nutreint Macronutrient

A

DNA: we do not break DNA

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3
Q

Define Macro

A

primary makeup of the body

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4
Q

Macro Molecules

Carbohydrates

What ratio is a Carbohydrate?

A

Glycogen: Glucose, stores energy

  • found in many places -

Ribos: Pentose sugars,

  • backbone of DNA/RNA -
    1: 2:1 ratio (1 carbon: 2 hydrogen: 1 oxygen)
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5
Q

Macro Molecules

Lipids

A
  • fat in the body only -

Trigylcerides: nuetral fat, stored energy

Phospholipids: fat in the middle of the bilayer

Steroids: 4 rings of carbon

Prostoglandin: response to inflamation, unsaturated fatty acids, 5 carbon ring

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6
Q

Macro Molecules

Proteins

A

Globular: amino acids, Regulate chemical reactions & enzymes

active

Fibrous: amino acids, body support tissues

inactive

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7
Q

Macro Molecules

Nucleic Acids

A

DNA: Nucleotides, chromosomes

RNA: Nucleotides, messanger transfer

Adenosine: Adenine nucleotide & 3 phosphate groups, stored energy

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8
Q

What does “ate” represent when it is at the end of a word?

A

it represents oxygen

example: carbohydrate

a water containing carbon

carbon-hydrogen-oxygen

(carbo) (hydr) (ate)

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9
Q

What is a Monosaccharide?

A

Sugar

like carbohydrates it is a 1:2:1 ratio

example: C6H1206

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10
Q

What is a Disaccharide?

A

2 monosaccharides together

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11
Q

In a disaccharide what happens with Dehydration Synthesis

A

kicks out water

an anabolism characteristic: building up

Synthesis

simple to complex

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12
Q

The opposite reaction of Dehydration Synthesis is called?

A

Hydrolysis

putting water back in/ cutting of water

a catabolism characteristic: breaking down

decomposition

complex to simple

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13
Q

What is Polysaccharides?

A

many sugars

glycogen and starch are polysaccharides

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14
Q

what is the most abundant organic molecule?

A

Cellulose

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15
Q

What is Glycoprotein

A

its a macromolecule composed of carbohydrates attached to protein

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16
Q

Lipids

Triglycerides

A

3 carbon, dehydration synthesis

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17
Q

Lipids

fatty acids

A

chain of carbon atoms with 1 or 2 hydrogens

single or double bonded

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18
Q

Lipids

what are two types of fatty acids?

A

Saturated: carbon bonded 4 times, the carbon is saturated

                                           I           I

                                   -   C  -  C  -

                                I       I

Unsaturated: carbon bonded 2 times, carbon is unsaturated

                                            I          I

                                      - C = C -
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19
Q

Characteristics of Saturated fats

A

*solid at room temp*

body does not want to break down

*high density triglycerides*

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20
Q

Characteristics of Unsaturated fats

A

*liquid t room temp*

at a point the body will break it down

*low density triglycerides*

21
Q

when asked to define the type of metabolism its either:

A

anabolism: build up

or

catabolism: break down

22
Q

Fats are hydrophilic, so how do they pass through a hydrophobic area?

A

protein can sheild the fat so it can pass

23
Q

The Phospholipids are a Polar head and 2 Non Polar tails. Describe the tails in regards to saturated and unsaturated.

A

one fatty acid tail is saturated and is striaght

the other fatty acid tail is unsaturated and kicks out/ double bonded

24
Q

Steroids

what are they?

what is the family of steroids?

A

steroids are 4 interlocking hydrocarbon rings

family:

cholesterol

cortisol

estrogen

testosterone

25
Q

Eicosanoids

What are they?

What are the 3 eicosanoid lipids?

A

Eicosanoids are 20 carbon fatty acids

Eicosa = 20 (Greek)

Prostaglandins: mediate inflammation

Thromboxane: mediate platelet function

Leukotrienes: mediate broncoconstruction and increase mucus production

26
Q

What is synthesised from the Acetyl CO A?

A

basic cholesterol rings

27
Q

What is cholesterol the basic building block for?

A

Bile salts

found in the galblatter

28
Q

What does Bile do?

A

breaks down fats

emulsifies fats: break down big fat into smaller more manageable fats

29
Q

Proteins

What are they?

What are the two types of proteins?

A

proteins are the most abundant part of us

amino acids are the basuc unit of proteins

Functional and Structural Proteins

30
Q

Functional Proteins

What are they?

A

Globular proteins

chemical reaction: transport molecules (ex. oxygen in blood)

protein base hormones: regulate metabolic activity and growth

31
Q

What do thyroid hormones do?

A

tell the body to produce more insulin

32
Q

Peptide =

A

Protein

33
Q

What is the immune system?

A

Antibodies, proteins in the body that recognize foriegn substances

The police of the body

34
Q

How do antibodies help us?

A

The 2nd time an illness comes around the body can kick it out faster

35
Q

Structural Proteins

What are they? Examples.

A

They are the framework

bones

ligaments

hair

36
Q

Structural Proteins

What are the 3 groups of structural proteins?

A

Nitrogen group: main component of protein and bring in amino acids

Carboxyle group: I missed this note send me a suggestion to edit this please

R group: side chain is different on everyone

37
Q

What bond is from one amino acid to the next called?

A

Peptide bond

38
Q

What bond is two amino acids together called?

A

Dipeptide bond

39
Q

up to a 100 amino acids is what type of bond?

A

Polypeptide bond

40
Q

Its not considered a protein until it gets what?

A

100+ amino acids

41
Q

What does our body do with broken down protein?

A

turns it into urine

42
Q

What is Active Membrane?

A

anything that requires energy

*low to high*

43
Q

What is Active Transport?

A

in the nerve cell

need ATP to move sodium through the cell membrane

potassium diffuses out of the cell

sodium diffuses into the cell

44
Q

What is phagocytosis?

A

cell eating

45
Q

What is Pinocytosis?

A

cell drinking

46
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

going into the cell

47
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Exiting the cell

48
Q

What is excretion?

A

Exocytosis of waste products

49
Q

What is secretion?

A

Exocytosis of manufactured molecules

Biochemistry (13 decks)

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