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BMS2011 > Week 4. Urogenita Anatomy > Flashcards

Week 4. Urogenita Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What does bipotential gonad have?

A

Genital ridge

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2
Q

In female embryo- female fate.

What do the mullerian ducts turn into?

A
  • fallopian tubes
  • uterus
  • vagina

And the wolffian ducts degenerate.

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3
Q

In male embryo: what happens to male fate.

A
  • wolffian ducts develop into the
    Vasdeferens
    Prostate and
    Seminal vesicles.

Mullerian ducts degenerate.

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4
Q

Male female external genitalia development.

  1. Genital tubule
  2. Labioscrotal swelling
  3. Urethral folds
A
  1. Genital tubule

Male- glans penis –> penis
Female - glans clitoris–> clitoris

  1. Labioscrotal swellings.
    Male: scrotum
    Female: labia majora

3.urethral folds.
Male…
Female: labia minora

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5
Q

Cross section of clitoris and penis.

These tissues from genital tubule

A

Female cross section of clitoris.
Have corpus carvernosa

In cross section of penis.
We also have corpus cavernosa
But there is also a corpus spongiosum containing the urethra.

The urethra does not
Come
Through a clitoris in a female.

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6
Q

Diamond-shaped area

A

Diamond shaped area between the thighs called perineum

Circumscribed anteriorly by the pubic symphysis. Laterally by the ischial tuberosities and posteriorly by the coccyx.

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7
Q

Why is epididymal maturation so critical?

A

For gaining motility of sperm.

Sperm produced in testes are immotile.

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8
Q

Semineferous tubules are packed into…

A

Tunica albuginea

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9
Q

Scrotum.

A

Contains dartos muscle

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10
Q

Pampiniform plexus of testicular veins

A

Pampiniform plexus of testicular veins important for temperature control.

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11
Q

Protecting the testes…

A

Cremaster muscle - raises testes
Innervation by genitofemoral nerve.

During sex or fear stimulus.
Skeletal muscle.

Dartos muscle: important for temperature regulation
Smooth muscle that produces the wrinkled surface of the testis (and labia majora in females).

Innervation from postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres arriving via the ilioinguinal nerve and posterior scrotal nerve.

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12
Q

Vas deferens travel

A

Vas deferens thick walled tube that travels within spermatic cord.

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13
Q

Spermatic cord …

A

Consists of a series of muscles and fascial layers, and carries the testicular artery and vein.

And passes through the inguinal canal. Which is an oblique channel through abdominal wall.

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14
Q

Ampulla of the ductus deferens …

A

Unites with proximal regions of the seminal vesicle to form the EJACULATORY DUCT

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15
Q

Male reproductive system: accessory glands

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands

All secrete seminal fluid

Seminal fluid is alkaline and mixes with sperm transported up the ductus deferens to dorm semen.

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16
Q

Seminal vesicles

A

Paired. Posterior surface of bladder

Joins with d.deferens to form EJACULATORY DUCT. (Seminal vesicles + deferens)

Secretes a viscous fluid of fructose(energy for sperm) and prostaglandins(helps dilate cervix)

17
Q

Prostate gland.

A

Inferior to bladder
Secretes citric acid
Seminal plasmin (antibiotics for UTI)

PSA (prostate specific antigen) - liquifies semen after ejaculation.

18
Q

Bulbourethral glands

A

Secretes lubricates for sex

Located in membranous urethra

19
Q

What does the SRY gene do?
Where is it found?
What produces it?
What does it do?

A

SRY drives gonads to testicular identity.

On the Y chromosome.
Produced by the sertoli cells.

SRY causes the somatic cells of the testes to produce Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH). this causes the female-system already there to regress.

SRY also directs other cells. The Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

Testosterone starts to drive development of male external genitalia.

20
Q

Male sexual functions. The three E’s

A
  • erection
    Pelvic splanchic nerves
  • emission
    Movement of secretions from
    The three glands along with sperm into prosthatic urethra.

-ejaculation (orgasm)
Expulsion of semen by rhythmic contractions of BULBOSPONGIOSUS muscle (wraps around corpus spongiosum) and ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS muscles (wraps around corpus cavernosa)

21
Q

Ovaries are anchored to body wall by

A

Broad ligament

22
Q

What is prepuce ?

A

Fold of labia minora covering clitoris

23
Q

Three layers of uterus

A

Endometrium - simple columnar epithelium with underlying connective tissue.

Myometrium - thick layer of smooth muscle (high regenerative proliferative capacity)

Perimetrium - peritoneum and underlying connective tissue

24
Q

Swyer syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis)

A

46 XY
Phenotypically female
Chromosomally male
Sth has gone wrong with SRYgene

25
Q

Androgen insensitiveity syndrome

A

Phenotypically female

Got the testis high testosterone circulates but cannot bind to receptors .
Will have internal testis because they have expressed sry gene. But no external male genitalia developed

BMS2011 (4 decks)

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