Week 4. Urogenita Anatomy Flashcards
What does bipotential gonad have?
Genital ridge
In female embryo- female fate.
What do the mullerian ducts turn into?
- fallopian tubes
- uterus
- vagina
And the wolffian ducts degenerate.
In male embryo: what happens to male fate.
- wolffian ducts develop into the
Vasdeferens
Prostate and
Seminal vesicles.
Mullerian ducts degenerate.
Male female external genitalia development.
- Genital tubule
- Labioscrotal swelling
- Urethral folds
- Genital tubule
Male- glans penis –> penis
Female - glans clitoris–> clitoris
- Labioscrotal swellings.
Male: scrotum
Female: labia majora
3.urethral folds.
Male…
Female: labia minora
Cross section of clitoris and penis.
These tissues from genital tubule
Female cross section of clitoris.
Have corpus carvernosa
In cross section of penis.
We also have corpus cavernosa
But there is also a corpus spongiosum containing the urethra.
The urethra does not
Come
Through a clitoris in a female.
Diamond-shaped area
Diamond shaped area between the thighs called perineum
Circumscribed anteriorly by the pubic symphysis. Laterally by the ischial tuberosities and posteriorly by the coccyx.
Why is epididymal maturation so critical?
For gaining motility of sperm.
Sperm produced in testes are immotile.
Semineferous tubules are packed into…
Tunica albuginea
Scrotum.
Contains dartos muscle
Pampiniform plexus of testicular veins
Pampiniform plexus of testicular veins important for temperature control.
Protecting the testes…
Cremaster muscle - raises testes
Innervation by genitofemoral nerve.
During sex or fear stimulus.
Skeletal muscle.
Dartos muscle: important for temperature regulation
Smooth muscle that produces the wrinkled surface of the testis (and labia majora in females).
Innervation from postganglionic sympathetic nerve fibres arriving via the ilioinguinal nerve and posterior scrotal nerve.
Vas deferens travel
Vas deferens thick walled tube that travels within spermatic cord.
Spermatic cord …
Consists of a series of muscles and fascial layers, and carries the testicular artery and vein.
And passes through the inguinal canal. Which is an oblique channel through abdominal wall.
Ampulla of the ductus deferens …
Unites with proximal regions of the seminal vesicle to form the EJACULATORY DUCT
Male reproductive system: accessory glands
Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral glands
All secrete seminal fluid
Seminal fluid is alkaline and mixes with sperm transported up the ductus deferens to dorm semen.
Seminal vesicles
Paired. Posterior surface of bladder
Joins with d.deferens to form EJACULATORY DUCT. (Seminal vesicles + deferens)
Secretes a viscous fluid of fructose(energy for sperm) and prostaglandins(helps dilate cervix)
Prostate gland.
Inferior to bladder
Secretes citric acid
Seminal plasmin (antibiotics for UTI)
PSA (prostate specific antigen) - liquifies semen after ejaculation.
Bulbourethral glands
Secretes lubricates for sex
Located in membranous urethra
What does the SRY gene do?
Where is it found?
What produces it?
What does it do?
SRY drives gonads to testicular identity.
On the Y chromosome.
Produced by the sertoli cells.
SRY causes the somatic cells of the testes to produce Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH). this causes the female-system already there to regress.
SRY also directs other cells. The Leydig cells to produce testosterone.
Testosterone starts to drive development of male external genitalia.
Male sexual functions. The three E’s
- erection
Pelvic splanchic nerves - emission
Movement of secretions from
The three glands along with sperm into prosthatic urethra.
-ejaculation (orgasm)
Expulsion of semen by rhythmic contractions of BULBOSPONGIOSUS muscle (wraps around corpus spongiosum) and ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS muscles (wraps around corpus cavernosa)
Ovaries are anchored to body wall by
Broad ligament
What is prepuce ?
Fold of labia minora covering clitoris
Three layers of uterus
Endometrium - simple columnar epithelium with underlying connective tissue.
Myometrium - thick layer of smooth muscle (high regenerative proliferative capacity)
Perimetrium - peritoneum and underlying connective tissue
Swyer syndrome (gonadal dysgenesis)
46 XY
Phenotypically female
Chromosomally male
Sth has gone wrong with SRYgene
Androgen insensitiveity syndrome
Phenotypically female
Got the testis high testosterone circulates but cannot bind to receptors .
Will have internal testis because they have expressed sry gene. But no external male genitalia developed
