Primates Lecture 4 And 5

Question 1

What are four primate chacteristics?

Answer 1

1.MOVEMENT. Specialised limb for locomotion
2. FOOD. Lack of dietary specialisation
Reflected in dentition. Quite flexible animals can rely on different food sources.
3. VISUAL ACUITY.
reduced sense of smell

4. BIG BRAINS. Neocortex expansion

Question 2

Do primates have nails or claws

Answer 2

We got nails man

The tree shrew has claws. It is NOT a primate but is phylogenically close to us.

Question 3

What are the four sorts of locomotion in primates?

Answer 3

1. TERRESTRIAL QUADRAPEDALISM
   - equal distribution among fore and hing limbs
2. VERTICAL CLINGING AND JUMPING
   Most locmotion dependent on HIND limbs
   Propulsive forces. From tree to tree

3. BRACHIATION
Most locomotion depends on FORELIMBS
Extremely elongnated
They rarely touch ground
We lost our climbing skills our shoulder and upper limbs derive from this morphology

4. BIPEDALISM

Question 4

Characteristics of aboreal quadruped?

Answer 4

1. Laterally placed scapula
2. Deep ulna
3. Narrow thorax
4. Long tail
5. Grasping foot
6. Long olecranon process

Question 5

Characteristics of terrestrial
Quadruped

On land

Answer 5

1. Restricted shoulder joint
2. Short digits
3. Reduced tail
4. Long similar length forelimb and hind limb

Question 6

Vertical clinging morphological characteristics.

Answer 6

1. Long lumbar region
2. Long hindlimb
3. Narrow tibia
4. Short femoral nexk
5. Deep femoral condyle

Question 7

Brachiation characteristics

Answer 7

1. Broad thorax
2. Rotatory wrist joint
3. Long forelimbs
4. Dorsally placed sxapul
5. Short lumbar region
6. Often no tail
7. Mobile hip joint

Question 8

What kind of photoreceptor cells in nocturnal animals?

Answer 8

Rods. More sensitive to low light

Tapid lucidum. Light reflexting back on eyes.
Some just have BIGGER EYES to compensate for this.

We cant have both good as eyesight and smell
Evolution has given us shit hearing.
Our olfactor bulbs are tiny

Question 9

Neocortex expansion

What Cc Are the
Tarsier
Lemur 
Chimpanzee
Himan

Answer 9

Tarsier. 3cc
Lemur 24cc
Chimpanzee 393cc
Human 1400cc

Question 10

When did primates orginate?

Answer 10

65 million years ago.

Question 11

Lesser apes

Hylobatids.

Answer 11

Siamung

Gibbon

Question 12

Greater apes

Answer 12

Oragutan. Orange and fat
Gorrilla. Big belly. Gas and leaf food
Chimpanzee. Fkn aggressive
Bonobo. Peace and love man

Question 13

Who are the primates? Name four

Answer 13

Prosimians
Monkeys
Apes
Humans

Question 14

What does the Hominids include?

Answer 14

All great apes

(Orangutans, gorillas, bonobos and chimpanzee) and humans

Question 15

What is hominin characterised by

Answer 15

Dental features
Bipedal locomotion
Large brain size
Tool making behaviour

These characteristics developed at different rates - mosaic evolution.