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BIOH1 Jul 2024 Human Biological Science 1 > Week 4 - Tissue Level of Organisation > Flashcards

Week 4 - Tissue Level of Organisation Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Question

A

Answer

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2
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

One of the most abundant and widely distributed tissues in the body, providing structural and functional support.

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3
Q

What are the general features of connective tissue?

A

Vascular, good nerve supply, few widely spaced cells, large amount of extracellular matrix (ECM).

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4
Q

What are the functions of connective tissue?

A

Binding structures together, support and strength, protection and insulation, elasticity, transport, energy storage, immune response.

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5
Q

What are immature cells in connective tissue called?

A

Cells ending in “-blast” (e.g., fibroblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts).

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6
Q

What are mature cells in connective tissue called?

A

Cells ending in “-cyte” (e.g., fibrocytes, chondrocytes, osteocytes).

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7
Q

What is the function of macrophages in connective tissue?

A

Carry out phagocytosis, engulfing and digesting cellular debris.

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8
Q

What do plasma cells do in connective tissue?

A

Secrete antibodies as part of the immune response.

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9
Q

What role do mast cells play in connective tissue?

A

Produce histamine, involved in inflammation and allergic reactions.

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10
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

Cells that store triglycerides (fats).

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11
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

White blood cells involved in immune responses, including infection and allergic reactions.

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12
Q

What is the extracellular matrix (ECM)?

A

A network of ground substance and fibers that supports and binds cells.

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13
Q

What is the composition of the ground substance in ECM?

A

Water, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and glucosamine.

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14
Q

What are the types of fibers in ECM?

A

Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.

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15
Q

What is the function of collagen fibers?

A

Provide strength and flexibility.

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16
Q

What is the function of elastic fibers?

A

Allow tissues to stretch and recoil.

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17
Q

What is the function of reticular fibers?

A

Form a supportive network in organs.

18
Q

How is connective tissue classified?

A

Based on the density and arrangement of fibers and the type of ECM.

19
Q

What are the types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar, adipose, and reticular connective tissue.

20
Q

What are the types of dense connective tissue?

A

Dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic connective tissue.

21
Q

What are the types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, and elastic cartilage.

22
Q

What is areolar connective tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue with fibroblasts, plasma cells, macrophages, and a gel-like ground substance.

23
Q

What is the function of areolar connective tissue?

A

Provides support and strength.

24
Q

What is adipose tissue?

A

Loose connective tissue with adipocytes, storing energy and reducing heat loss.

25
Q

What is the function of reticular connective tissue?

A

Forms the stroma of organs, binds smooth muscle cells, filters worn-out blood cells.

26
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue?

A

Dense connective tissue with collagen fibers arranged in bundles.

27
Q

What is the function of dense regular connective tissue?

A

Provides strong attachment between structures.

28
Q

What is dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Dense connective tissue with irregularly arranged collagen fibers.

29
Q

What is the function of dense irregular connective tissue?

A

Provides tensile strength in multiple directions.

30
Q

What is elastic tissue?

A

Dense connective tissue with elastic fibers.

31
Q

What is the function of elastic tissue?

A

Allows for elasticity and extensibility.

32
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

A

Cartilage with chondrocytes and fine collagen fibers, providing smooth surfaces for joint movement.

33
Q

What is fibrocartilage?

A

Cartilage with chondrocytes and thick collagen bundles, supporting and joining structures.

34
Q

What is elastic cartilage?

A

Cartilage with chondrocytes and elastic fibers, providing strength and elasticity.

35
Q

What are membranes?

A

Pliable sheets of tissue that cover or line parts of the body.

36
Q

What are the types of membranes associated with connective tissue?

A

Epithelial membranes (mucous, serous, cutaneous) and synovial membranes.

37
Q

What is a mucous membrane?

A

Lines body cavities that open to the exterior, providing lubrication and protection.

38
Q

What is a serous membrane?

A

Lines cavities that do not open to the exterior, consisting of parietal and visceral layers.

39
Q

What is the cutaneous membrane (skin)?

A

Covers the surface of the body, providing protection.

40
Q

What is a synovial membrane?

A

Lines cavities of freely movable joints, secreting synovial fluid for lubrication.

41
Q

What are nails composed of?

A

Tightly packed, hard, dead keratinized keratinocytes.

42
Q

What is the function of nails?

A

Protect fingertips, enhance touch perception, and aid in grasping objects.

BIOH1 Jul 2024 Human Biological Science 1 (5 decks)

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