week 4 study notes Flashcards
Know what evolution by natural selection is
individuals with favorable traits will reproduce, passing these traits to their offspring, leading to evolutionary change over time
Understand why natural selection requires genetic variation to act upon a
population. Be able to explain what adaptations have to do with this
adaptations = heritable trait that gives better chances survival or reproduction
the environment determines if a trait is an adaptation or not
Know the two types of speciation, how they are similar/different
Speciation - the formation of new species
Allopatic speciation - Involves geographic isolation -
speciation occurs because one
population is divided into two
Disperal - a group of individuals move to new location
Vicariance - a population is separated by a new
geographic barriers = formation of new
river
Sympatric speciation - occurs in the same
geographical area
Both lead to : reproductive isolation
Know the different types of reproductive isolation. Be able to identify each if
given an example.
PREZYGOTIC - prevents mating / fertilization from
taking place
Temporal isolation - species have different breeding
schedules
Habitat isolation - members of species move or are
otherwise separated
Behavioral isolation - certain actions or behaviors
impacts reproduction
POSTZYGOTIC - after mating / fertilization has taken
place
Hybrid inevitability - an embryo is produced, but
cannot survive development
Hybrid sterility - different species can produce a viable
offspring, but that offspring cannot
reproduce
Know the misconceptions of evolution discussed today and understand why
they are misconceptio
individuals evolve
= populations evolve
evolution explains the origin of life
= can only explain what happened after
organisms evolved on purpose
= Evolution is not goal oriented , there is no
end goal in mind
Be able to explain why evolution cannot create the perfect organism
changes at random due to environment always changing , no way to determine what is perfect
know what an animal is
what traits all animal share
Multicellular
eukaryotic
lack cell walls
heterotrophic
Know the additional 4 traits that most animals share
Have sensory organs
can move
internal digestion
reproduce sexually
The traits we use to classify animal ; symmetry, number of tissue layers, and boy cavity
Asymmetry
radial symmetry
bilateral symmetry
diploblasts - two
triploblast - three
digestive tract and other organs
know what animals likely evolved from
choanoflagellate - single celled eukaryote
phlya - know their type of symmetry, number of tissue layers, and any additional indentifying traits
Three tissue layers
bilateral symmetry
for the groups of vertabrates know their symmetry, number of tissue layers, and any additional identifying traits
all vertebrates have bilateral symmetry and are triploblastic
understand the inportance of the evolution of amniotic egg
egg is protected by 4 membranes
eggs of reptiles, birds, and some mammals have shells
combined this removes reliance of water - reproduction on land
what is a plant
A multicellular eukaryote
Typically growing in a permanent site
Absorbing water and inorganic substances
Synthesizing nutrients by photosynthesis
Grow in body mass throughout life
what evolutionart adaptions help succeed on land
Needed to combat the dry environment of land
* Structural support – against gravity
* Gamete transport outside of water
* Protect zygotes from drying out
ADVANTAGES TO LIFE ON LAND
* Abundant sunlight
* Carbon dioxide readily available – for photosynthesis
Waxy Cuticle
* Coats leaves and
stems
* Waterproof –
prevents water loss
* Prevents carbon
dioxide uptake
* Stomata
* Pores in leaves
* Open to let in
carbon dioxide
* Close to conserve
water
