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prehospital care theory > week 4 - spinal injurires > Flashcards

week 4 - spinal injurires Flashcards

1
Q

invertebra

A

shock absorber disks

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2
Q

5 structures and functions of the spine

A
  1. houses and protects the spinal cord
  2. vertebrae has a hollow center to allow for spinal cord
  3. spinal cord transmits nerve impulses from the brain to the rest of the body
  4. allows for movement, sensation etc
  5. vertebrae are divided up in sections
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3
Q

5 sections of the vertebrae

A
  1. cervical
  2. thoracic
  3. lumbar
  4. sacral
  5. coccyx
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4
Q

2 types of trauma

A
  1. direct
  2. indirect
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5
Q

example of indirect trauma

A

tumor

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6
Q

fractured vertebrae results in

A
  1. swelling and inflammation
  2. migration of bone fragments
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7
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
- the severity and outcome depends on the location of the injury

A

TRUE

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8
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower parts of the body

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9
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all 4 extremities and the trunk

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10
Q

what does a injury from a force from the front cause (bend towards force, then recoil backwards)

A

hyperflexion

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11
Q

what does a injury from a force from the back cause (bend backward towards force then recoil forward)

A

hyper extension

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12
Q

when assessing for a spinal injury assess all extremities for

A
  1. strength
  2. mobility
  3. sensation
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13
Q

when there is an altered LOC what can you assume

A

spinal cord injury

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14
Q

3 things needed for spinal immobilization

A
  1. immobilization of the head
  2. immobilization of the neck
  3. immobilization of the torso/thorax
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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE
- full immobilization is usually required

A

FALSE - full immobilization is usually NOT required

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16
Q

6 steps for immobilization

A
  1. manual c spine control
  2. cervical collar
  3. backboard (or scoop = better option)
  4. log roll (ensure head, torso, pelvis move as a unit = 2 person roll and the person at the head calls the roll)
  5. strapping (shoulder, pelvis, legs)
  6. head rolls
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17
Q

if the secondary medic does the strapping what is the primary’s responsibility

A

to check their partners work to ensure straps are tight enough and all are correctly attached and in the correct spots (strap chest is first because it’s the heaviest part of the body)

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18
Q

KED

A

kendrick extrication device

19
Q

examples of when the ked would be used

A
  1. cars
  2. stairwells
  3. small rooms
  4. patients must remain seated
    **only use for a stable patient as it takes time
20
Q

most common causes of paralysis

A

include strokes, spinal cord injuries and nerve disorders like multiple sclerosis

21
Q

what is paralysis

A

paralysis is a loss of muscle function in part of your body. It can be localized or generalized, partial or complete, and temporary or permanent. paralysis can affect any part of your body at any time in your life.

22
Q

what is a rotation translation fracture

A

a rotation and translation fracture are severe spinal injuries characterized by the horizontal displacement and rotation of 1 vertebrae

23
Q

what is a burst fracture

A

a severe variant of a compression fracture with an increase risk of neurological deficits. the vertebrae is crushed in all directions

24
Q

what can happen if the vertebrae collapse

A

it can cause pieces of bone to press on the spinal cord nerves which can cause a decrease amount of blood and oxygen that gets to the spinal cord

25
Q

what is a compression fracture

A

causes the vertebrae to collapse making them shorter in height

26
Q

what is the most common type of spinal fracture

A

compression fracture

27
Q

dysphasia

A
  • problems or difficulty swallowing
  • problems with patients in unusual neck anatomy following neurological procedures
28
Q

airway problems

A

restricted access to the airway can make it difficult to clear vomit or blood

29
Q

what is placed under a children’s body when placed on a spinal board

A

padding is placed under the child’s torso from below the shoulders to the hips to keep their body in alignment with their head so it’s not hyper-flexed

30
Q

what are the 5 possible complications associated with spinal immobilization using a c collar

A
  1. airway problems (aspiration = breathing in anything in the lungs example; mucus)
  2. restricted respiration
  3. dysphagia
  4. skin ulceration
  5. pain
31
Q

what is lordosis

A
  • the inward curve of the lumbar spine (just above the butt)
  • seen in people who are pregnant, kids going through growth spurts or those who are overweight
  • blanket needs to be under the elevated part when trying to mobilize the spine
32
Q

what is kyphosis

A
  • when a person has rounded shoulders
  • often seen in older populations
  • which stretcher is better the scoop or backboard
33
Q

which stretcher is better the scoop or backboard

A

scoop

34
Q

how long should a patient be on a unpadded long board (backboard) for no longer than

A

45 minutes

35
Q

what to check for during a spinal check

A

palpate (lateral and midline) and look for any tenderness or deformities of the spine

36
Q

what to look for during the physical exam for a spinal injury - 4 parts of an assessment

A
  1. head
  2. neck
  3. back
  4. extremities
37
Q

mechanism

A

energy moves through the body based on the force/impact (think class example - side impacted with force is going to be more severely injured or damaged)

38
Q

how many vertebrae total do humans have by full development

A

33

39
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there

A

7

40
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there

A

12

41
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there

A

5

42
Q

how many sacral vertebrae are there

A

5 fused

43
Q

how many coccyx vertebrae are there

A

4 fused

prehospital care theory (5 decks)

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