Week 4 - Self-Categorisation and Intergroup Conflict Flashcards
What is social categorisation?
- Process of categorising others into groups.
- Based on shared attributes e.g., race, gender, or age.
- Often involves stereotypes - leading to distinguishing between ingroups and outgroups.
What is self-categorisation?
- Builds on social categorisation but focuses on how individuals identify themselves within groups.
- Shapes self-concept and behaviour according to group norms.
- Can lead to depersonalisation, where personal identity is replaced by group identity.
What does identifying with a group bring about for individual group members?
- Identifying with a group influences how individuals perceive themselves and others.
- Provides a sense of belonging/identity, enhancing self-esteem and fostering cooepration with group members.
- Group identification can also lead to ingroup bias, discrimination against outgroups, and potential conflict.
What are prototypes?
- Represent idealised group norms that define what a typical member should be like.
- Not necessarily the average group member but embody the best representation of group norms.
Guide individual behaviour and set expectations for group members.
What is the meta-contrast Principle?
- Refers to maximising differences between groups and minimising differences within groups.
It can lead to ingroup favouritism and outgroup derogation
What is the self-categorisation theory (SCT) and prejudice?
- Highlights how people perceive their social world by **categorising themselves **and others into groups.
- Affects intergroup relations than can later lead to prejudice.
- **Prototypes guide perceptions **and behaviours, contributing to the creation of stereotypes.
What are the positive aspects of the Social Identity Perspective?
- Offers a sense of belonging, group cohesion, and social support.
- Fosters positive self-esteem and identity.
What are the negative aspects of the Social Identity Perspective?
- Can lead to discrimination and prejudice, affecting intergroup relations.
- Causes societal issues.
What is the Realistic Conflict Theory?
Sherif et al., (1961)
- Conflict can **arise due to competition **for limited resources.
- Can lead to discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes.
What does ingroup projection involve?
- Involves projecting ingroup attributes onto superordinate categories, such as nationality.
- This can lead to bias as groups may claim to be the protypical example of a superodinate category.
What did **Ysseldyk, Haslam, and Haslman., (2013) **find on the effects of multiple of group memberships?
- Found that being part of multiple groups, including religious groups, **can improve well-being and mental health.
- Multiple group memberships can offer social support and a sense of community.
Personality factors and conflict
What did Adorno et al., (1950) find?
The concept of the authoritarian personality links to harsh upbringing and parental authority to intolerance towards outgroups.
Personality factors and conflict
What is the Belief Congruence theory, proposed by Rokeach., 1960)?
Suggests that individuals are more likely to form and maintain close relationships with those who share simialr beliefs, values, and attitudes.
Conflict and forgiveness
What did Wohl and Branscombe., (2005) find?
- Examined forgiveness among US American laws regarding the Holocaust.
- Using inclusive superodinate categories such as ‘humans’ instead of specific groups can reduce collectivist guilt and encourage forgiveness.
Relative Deprivation and Conflict
What did Stouffer et al., (1949) explore?
- Explored dissatisfaction among soliders in the Pacific during WW2.
- Highlights the impact of relative comparisons.
