Week 4 quiz

Question 1

Define pharmacodynamics

Answer 1

the effect of drugs on the body

Question 2

What functions can be altered from the interaction of a drug and a receptor

Answer 2

change in cell function; alter rate or magnitude of cellular response

Question 3

What is the most important class of drug receptors?

Answer 3

proteins

Question 4

What are the four types of agonists

Answer 4

primary, allosteric, partial, inverse

Question 5

What Is a primary agonist

Answer 5

agonist that binds to the same site as the endogenous ligand

Question 6

What is an allosteric agonist

Answer 6

agonist that binds to a different site as the endogenous ligand but on the same receptor

Question 7

What is a partial agonist

Answer 7

a drug that binds to and activates a given receptor but has only partial efficacy at the receptor relative to a full agonist

Question 8

What is an inverse agonist

Answer 8

Bind to the same receptor as the endogenous ligand but generate a decrease in function

Question 9

Name the two types of antangonists

Answer 9

Syntopic antagonism, Allosteric antagonism

Question 10

What is an antagonist?

Answer 10

Drug that competively binds to receptor sites but does not illicit a cellular response

Question 11

What is syntopic antagonism?

Answer 11

When an antagonist binds to the same receptor site as the endogneous ligand and blocks it from binding

Question 12

What is allosteric antagonism

Answer 12

When an antagonist binds to a different receptor site on the same receptor and inhibits the endogenous ligand from binding to the primary site

Question 13

How does the chemical structure of a drug affect its action in the body

Answer 13

If the drugs target receptors are located everywhere, the drug will be distributed everywhere. If the receptors are very specific to a certain site, the drug can target those specific receptors

Question 14

What is the signature tetrameric ring called in most antibiotics

Answer 14

Beta-Lactam ring

Question 15

What do racemic mixtures consist of?

Answer 15

Stereoisomers with potentially different pharamacodynamic effects.

Question 16

Name a drug that would be more effective if it was delivered in only one of its stereoisomer forms

Answer 16

Solalol, Labetalol, Warfarin

Question 17

How can dynamics change with time in regard to receptors?

Answer 17

down regulation or desensitization

Question 18

What are orphan receptors?

Answer 18

Receptors discovered through the human genome project that have no known function or drugs that utilize them

Question 19

What is the pharmacophore?

Answer 19

Chemical properties required for optimal action at receptors: size, shape, position, orientation of charged groups.

Question 20

What is efficacy

Answer 20

Ability of a drug to activate a receptor and generate a response

Question 21

Can DNA or pharmacogenetics affect pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Examples of pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions

Answer 22

Nitrates and Erectile dysfunction drugs

Warfarin sodium and vitamin K with NSAIDS

NSAIDS and hypertension

Question 23

Are there many drugs that affect ion transport?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

What are 2 sites of the body that can be affected by ion transport drugs

Answer 24

Kidney - Diuretics and sodium resorption

Gastrointestinal tract -Proton pump inhibitors and hydrogen

Question 25

How can ion transport channels be acted upon by drugs?

Answer 25

Ligand binding sites - Beta receptor antagonists

Message propagation - Sulfonylurea diabetes agents, calcium channel blockers, etc.

Question 26

Example of a Beta adrenergic receptor drug?

Answer 26

metroprolol and dobutamine

Question 27

Typical location of Alpha1 receptors

Answer 27

Postsynaptic effector cells, especially smooth muscle

Question 28

Typical location of Alpha2 receptors

Answer 28

Presynaptic adrenergic nerve terminals, platelets, lipocytes, smooth muscle

Question 29

Typical location of Beta1 receptors

Answer 29

Postsynaptic effector cells, especially heart, lipocytes, brain; presynaptic adrenergic and cholinergic nerve terminals, juxtaglomerular apparatus of renal tubules, ciliary body epithelium

Question 30

Typical location of Beta2 receptors

Answer 30

Postsynaptic effector cells, especially smooth muscle and cardiac muscle

Question 31

Typical location of Beta3 receptors

Answer 31

Postsynaptic effector cells, especially lipocytes; heart

Question 32

Parasympathetic neurotransmitter?

Answer 32

Acetylcholine

Question 33

Sympathetic neurotransmitter?

Answer 33

Norepinephrine or Acetylcholine

Question 34

Function of parasympathetic M2 receptors?

Answer 34

Slow down heart rate, reduce contraction, reduce conduction velocity

Question 35

Function of sympathetic Alpha1 receptors?

Answer 35

Arterial and venous constriction

Question 36

Function of sympathetic Alpha2 receptors?

Answer 36

vasoconstriction locally and vasodilation due to central effect

Question 37

Function of sympathetic Beta1 receptors?

Answer 37

increase cardiac output, increased pacemaker activity, increased conduction velocity, intrinsic contractility increased

Question 38

Function of sympathetic Beta2 receptors?

Answer 38

vasodilation

Question 39

Function of respiratory muscarinic receptors?

Answer 39

bronchoconstriction

Question 40

Function of respiratory Beta2 receptors?

Answer 40

bronchodilation

Question 41

Function of urinary bladder muscarinic receptors?

Answer 41

bladder contraction

Question 42

Function of urinary tract alpha receptors

Answer 42

promote urinary continence

Question 43

Dopamine receptors are located mainly in the?

Answer 43

brain - some in the renal vascular bed and cardiovascular system

Question 44

With drugs that have an immediate effect the effect is directly related to?

Answer 44

plasma concentrations

Question 45

What are time lapse drugs

Answer 45

Drugs that can sometimes have an immediate release of high levels and still elicit a clinical effect when concentrations are low or gone.

Ex. Ace inhibitors