Pediatrics quiz Flashcards
Problem Areas relating to drugs when treating children?
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Lack of reliable pediatric dosing information
Drug administration
Dosage form alteration
Compliance
Is drug liberation a concern in the pediatric patient?
No
Are membranes hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
hydrophobic
Drugs need to be _________ to dissolve so they can be transported across membranes at the site of action
hydrophillic
How is the pH of of the GI tract affected in a preterm infant?
It’s elevated due to immature acid secretion
What is pH of a full term infant at birth and in 24 hours
pH in full term infant ranges from 6 to 8 at birth and drops to 1-3 within 24 hours
Why will there be elevated levels of penicillin, ampicillin, and nafcillin if administered to a premature infant?
because they are acid-labile and the pH is not as acidic (drug is not degraded as effectively)
Gastric emptying is ________ in the premature infant
slower
Is IM injection reliable in premature infants?
No - small skeletal muscle mass and subcutaneous fat makes IM absorption unreliable
Is IM injection reliable in older infants / small children?
Yes - IM injection effective and usually given in the lateral aspect of a thigh due to insufficient deltoid muscle mass
How is per-cutaneous absorption related to skin thickness and skin hydration?
Inversely related to the thickness of the stratum corneum and directly related to skin hydration
A newborns skin is thinner than an adults, will this result in increased or decreased percutaneous absorption?
increased
A newborns surface area to body weight ratio may be 2-3 times that of an adult, how will that affect percutaneous absorption?
A newborns absorption will be higher
Who will have a higher volume of distribution an infant / small child or adult?
Infant/ small child
What affects protein binding in newborns
Decreased plasma protein concentrations
Lower binding capacity of protein
Decreased affinity of proteins for binding
Competition by substances such as bilirubin