Week 4 questions Flashcards
when do i stop procastinating….
never hahaha
what are the functions of the respiratory system
Ventilation-movement of air in and out of lungs
external respiration - gas exchange between lungs and blood
transport of respiratory gases
internal respiration - gas exchange between blood and tissue
VOİCE PRODUCTİON - vocal folds
SMELL (OLFACTİON) - olfactory epithilium
PROTECTİON - microorganisms and debris trapped
what is regulation of blood Ph how does it happen
change in co2 levels
How does the respitory system break up??
Structual classificatiın -upper -nasal cavity - larynx
*-lower - trachea - Alveoli
Functional Classification - Conduction zone -nasal cavity- terminal
bronchiole
- Respiratory zone (in lungs)-respitory bronchiole-alveoli
Describe the nasal cavity
Vestibule is the entrace to the nasal cavity.
-stratified squamous epithilium
-Sweat and sabaceous glands
-hair follicles
Hard palate- floor of the nasal cavity- bony
Soft palate - floor of the nasal cavity- uvula
Septum-separetes nasal cavity into left and right parts
Concha are bony ridges in nasal cavity -Superior -middle -inferior coresponding underlying metus from passageways*
fuctions of the nasal cavity.
passage way for air
cleans air via hair cilia mucous
Humidifies and warms air-warm blood flowing through nasal cavity-moisture from epithelium and excess tears wich drain into nasal cavity
olfaction (or smell)-olfactory epithelium
sounds of your voice - nasal cavity and sinuses are resonating chambers
phyranx also called the throat.
what are the three regions. NEXT QUESTION
nasopharynx- (NAY-SO-FARR-INX)
-posterior to nasal cavity.
-pseudostratifdied ciliated columnar epithelium (weirdely shaped hairy long brick shaped skin)
-
Oropharnyx
- posterior to oral cavity
- stratified squamous epithelium.
- palatine tonsils
- lingual tonsils
Laryngopharnyx
- lies posterior to epiglottis
- stratified squamous epthilium
LARYNX underneath the phrynx….
passage way for air and is the voice box. made up of 9 parts 3 paired and 3 unpaoired -paired aryntenoid corniculate cuneiform
-unapaired
thyroid (adam apple)
cricoid
epiglottis
what is the function of the larynx
maintain open passage way
directs food into the oesophagus away from respitory tract
sound production via vocal folds
traps debris from entering lungs
trachea (windpipe)
decends form larynx (wich is bellow the phrynx)
10-12cm long
has 15 to 20 ‘c’ shaped rings
-to provide support
- protection
- mainten open passage way
connective tissue and smooth muscle in between cartilage rings
lungs
cone shaped with a base and apex
left lung has 2 lobes an d 1 fissure and cardiac notvh
right lung has 3 lobes and 2 fissures
lobes are separated by fissures and supplied by secondary (LOBAR) bronchi
hilium on mideal surface - entry point for blood and nerviys supply, lymphatic cessks and bronchi
costal medial and lateral surfaces
tracheobronchial tree
Trachea – primary bronchi (Lt.&Rt.) – secondary bronchi – tertiary bronchi – bronchioles – terminal bronchioles
on the way to the terminal bronchioles form trachea the amount of smoothe muscle increases, cartage decreases, and there is no cartilage in the terminal bronchiole.
changes in epithelium from bronchi to terminal bronchi
pseudostratified ciliated columnar (bronchi) simple ciliated columnar (larger bronchioles) ciliated simple cuboidal (terminal bronchioles)
alveoli.
they attach to the ends of the terminal bronchi they are small.
terminal bronchi-respitory bronchioles-alveolar duct-alveolar sac- alveoli
pleura (EG the layers outside the lungs
visceral pleura (closest to the organ) pleural cavity ( the fillings of the sandwich) parietal pleura ( outermost layer)
pulmonary ventilation structures involved
its the process of moving air into and out of the lungs
lungs diaphragm rib cage sternum muslces
boyles law volume is inversely proportianl to presure
Barometric air pressure (PB) • atmospheric air pressure outside the body
Intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) • pressure inside the alveoli
inspiration (breathing in?)
(initialy) air flows form outside to inside
(at the end) no air flow
expiration (breathing out?)
air flows form inside to outside
then there is no air flow
foreces that promote lung recoil in the lungs
alveoli are covered in fine elastic fibers
fluid wich coats alveoli
surfactant
forces which promote lungs expantion
Intra-pleural pressure < intra-alveolar pressure Visceral pleura adhering to parietal pleura
MUSCLES INVOLVED IN VENTILATION?????????????
Quiet inhalation: Diaphragm, External intercostal
• Quiet exhalation: Elastic recoil of muscles and gravity
• Deep inhalation: Diaphragm, External intercostal, Sternocleidomastoid, scalene, Pectoralis minor, Serratus anterior
• Deep exhalation: Internal intercostal, abdominal
gas exchange for oxygen how does it work
in lungs oxygen moves from alveioli in lungs to the blood vessels in the body oxygen moves from blood vessels to tissue
transporeted via red blood celss 98.5%
1.5% is dissolved in blood plasma
gas exchange carbon dioxide
in lungs moves from blood vessels into alveoli to be exhaled out
in body move from tissue to blood vessels
