Week 4 questions

Question 1

when do i stop procastinating….

Answer 1

never hahaha

Question 2

what are the functions of the respiratory system

Answer 2

Ventilation-movement of air in and out of lungs
external respiration - gas exchange between lungs and blood
transport of respiratory gases
internal respiration - gas exchange between blood and tissue
VOİCE PRODUCTİON - vocal folds
SMELL (OLFACTİON) - olfactory epithilium
PROTECTİON - microorganisms and debris trapped

Question 3

what is regulation of blood Ph how does it happen

Answer 3

change in co2 levels

Question 4

How does the respitory system break up??

Answer 4

Structual classificatiın -upper -nasal cavity - larynx
*-lower - trachea - Alveoli

Functional Classification - Conduction zone -nasal cavity- terminal
bronchiole
- Respiratory zone (in lungs)-respitory bronchiole-alveoli

Question 5

Describe the nasal cavity

Answer 5

Vestibule is the entrace to the nasal cavity.
-stratified squamous epithilium
-Sweat and sabaceous glands
-hair follicles
Hard palate- floor of the nasal cavity- bony
Soft palate - floor of the nasal cavity- uvula
Septum-separetes nasal cavity into left and right parts

Concha are bony ridges in nasal cavity
-Superior
-middle
-inferior 
 coresponding underlying metus from passageways*

Question 6

fuctions of the nasal cavity.

Answer 6

passage way for air
cleans air via hair cilia mucous
Humidifies and warms air-warm blood flowing through nasal cavity-moisture from epithelium and excess tears wich drain into nasal cavity

olfaction (or smell)-olfactory epithelium

sounds of your voice - nasal cavity and sinuses are resonating chambers

Question 7

phyranx also called the throat.

what are the three regions. NEXT QUESTION

Answer 7

nasopharynx- (NAY-SO-FARR-INX)
-posterior to nasal cavity.
-pseudostratifdied ciliated columnar epithelium (weirdely shaped hairy long brick shaped skin)
-

Question 8

Oropharnyx

Answer 8

• posterior to oral cavity
• stratified squamous epithelium.
• palatine tonsils
• lingual tonsils

Question 9

Laryngopharnyx

Answer 9

• lies posterior to epiglottis

- stratified squamous epthilium

Question 10

LARYNX underneath the phrynx….

Answer 10

passage way for air and is the voice box.
made up of 9 parts
3 paired and 3 unpaoired
-paired
aryntenoid
corniculate
cuneiform

-unapaired
thyroid (adam apple)
cricoid
epiglottis

Question 11

what is the function of the larynx

Answer 11

maintain open passage way
directs food into the oesophagus away from respitory tract
sound production via vocal folds
traps debris from entering lungs

Question 12

trachea (windpipe)

Answer 12

decends form larynx (wich is bellow the phrynx)
10-12cm long
has 15 to 20 ‘c’ shaped rings
-to provide support
- protection
- mainten open passage way
connective tissue and smooth muscle in between cartilage rings

Question 13

lungs

Answer 13

cone shaped with a base and apex
left lung has 2 lobes an d 1 fissure and cardiac notvh
right lung has 3 lobes and 2 fissures
lobes are separated by fissures and supplied by secondary (LOBAR) bronchi
hilium on mideal surface - entry point for blood and nerviys supply, lymphatic cessks and bronchi
costal medial and lateral surfaces

Question 14

tracheobronchial tree

Answer 14

Trachea – primary bronchi (Lt.&Rt.) – secondary bronchi – tertiary bronchi – bronchioles – terminal bronchioles
on the way to the terminal bronchioles form trachea the amount of smoothe muscle increases, cartage decreases, and there is no cartilage in the terminal bronchiole.

Question 15

changes in epithelium from bronchi to terminal bronchi

Answer 15

pseudostratified ciliated columnar (bronchi)  simple ciliated columnar (larger bronchioles)  ciliated simple cuboidal (terminal bronchioles)

Question 16

alveoli.

Answer 16

they attach to the ends of the terminal bronchi they are small.
terminal bronchi-respitory bronchioles-alveolar duct-alveolar sac- alveoli

Question 17

pleura (EG the layers outside the lungs

Answer 17

visceral pleura (closest to the organ)
pleural cavity ( the fillings of the sandwich) 
parietal pleura ( outermost layer)

Question 18

pulmonary ventilation structures involved

Answer 18

its the process of moving air into and out of the lungs

lungs diaphragm rib cage sternum muslces

Question 19

boyles law volume is inversely proportianl to presure

Answer 19

Barometric air pressure (PB) • atmospheric air pressure outside the body
Intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) • pressure inside the alveoli

Question 20

inspiration (breathing in?)

Answer 20

(initialy) air flows form outside to inside

(at the end) no air flow

Question 21

expiration (breathing out?)

Answer 21

air flows form inside to outside

then there is no air flow

Question 22

foreces that promote lung recoil in the lungs

Answer 22

alveoli are covered in fine elastic fibers
fluid wich coats alveoli
surfactant

Question 23

forces which promote lungs expantion

Answer 23

Intra-pleural pressure < intra-alveolar pressure Visceral pleura adhering to parietal pleura

Question 24

MUSCLES INVOLVED IN VENTILATION?????????????

Answer 24

Quiet inhalation: Diaphragm, External intercostal
• Quiet exhalation: Elastic recoil of muscles and gravity
• Deep inhalation: Diaphragm, External intercostal, Sternocleidomastoid, scalene, Pectoralis minor, Serratus anterior
• Deep exhalation: Internal intercostal, abdominal

Question 25

gas exchange for oxygen how does it work

Answer 25

in lungs oxygen moves from alveioli in lungs to the blood vessels in the body oxygen moves from blood vessels to tissue
transporeted via red blood celss 98.5%
1.5% is dissolved in blood plasma

Question 26

gas exchange carbon dioxide

Answer 26

in lungs moves from blood vessels into alveoli to be exhaled out
in body move from tissue to blood vessels