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SOC 100 > Week 4:putting ideas into practice: methods, methodologies, and ethics > Flashcards

Week 4:putting ideas into practice: methods, methodologies, and ethics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the sociologist’s toolkit?

A

includes various skills and approaches needed for collecting and analyzing information about the social world

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2
Q

what methods make sociology diverse?

A

collecting, organizing, making sense of information

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3
Q

what are methods?

A

systemic technique for collecting, and making sense of information about the social world

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4
Q

what are methodologies?

A

broader lenses and research strategies that provide a rationale for how data collection and analysis should be

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5
Q

what do methodologies involve?

A

theoretical justifications for which methods might be appropriate for a given research project

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6
Q

what do dialectics or tensions represent?

A

diverging ways of doing research

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7
Q

what are dialectics?

A

the art of investigating or discussing the truth of opinions.

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8
Q

what is qualitative research?

A

non numeric data about the social world

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9
Q

what is quantitative research?

A

data expressed in numbers

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10
Q

what is pure research?

A

the sole aim is to generate new knowledge; which often plays role in creating and testing theory

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11
Q

What is applied research intended for?

A

intended to address social issues or problems

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12
Q

inductive research?

A

moving from observation to theory

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13
Q

what is deductive research?

A

moving from theory to observation

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14
Q

what is the process of inductive reasoning?

A

gather data
analyze data looking or patterns
develop a theory that applies broadly

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15
Q

what is an example of inductive reasoning?

A

durkheim’s study on suicide

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16
Q

What is the deductive reasoning process?

A

theory of hypothesis
analyze the data
specific focus where hypothesis is supported or not

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17
Q

how do we get knowledge in sociology?

A

through observation of social phenomena and logic

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18
Q

what are central to a sociologist’s way of knowing?

A

abstract and concrete

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19
Q

how is sociological research different from natural science?

A

does not require falsifiability
difficult to determine causality
although research can be deductive, moving from hypothesis to observation, it can also be inductive

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20
Q

when is research often exploratory

A

if little is known about a topic
often inductive, pure research

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21
Q

what kind of research is exploratory?

A

research that looks at causes

22
Q

what type of research is explanatory?

A

attempts to explain why certain phenomena work in the way they do

23
Q

what does explanatory research link?

A

different ideas to understand the nature of cause-and-effect relationships in order to explain why certain phenomena occur

24
Q

how is explanatory research conducted?

A

after exploratory research and descriptive research

25
Q

what type of research is exploratory?

A

research is a type of research that attempts to explore and investigate a problem that is not clearly defined

26
Q

What does exploratory research explore?

A

the research problem but does not offer final or conclusive solutions to existing problems

27
Q

what stage is exploratory research conducted?

A

preliminary stage (coming before a more important action or event, especially introducing or preparing)

28
Q

What is descriptive research?

A

if research aims to offer detail about an aspect of social life, but not a cause.

29
Q

how do we make research precise?

A

by specifying variables and then operationalizing them

30
Q

what type of research is descriptive?

A

characteristics of the study group or a certain occurrence are described

31
Q

what does descriptive research aim for?

A

to describe the characteristics of the study group. thus answering the question “what is”

32
Q

what is descriptive research useful for?

A

gathering data on a certain population or a specific occurrence

33
Q

what does descriptive research include?

A

sociological and psychological studies

34
Q

which methodologies doe descriptive research use?

A

both qualitative (interpretative, and naturalistic approaches to its subject matter) and quantitative (the process of collecting and analyzing numerical data)

35
Q

What type of research is experimental

A

manipulates variables to come to a conclusion

36
Q

when is experimental research useful?

A

in finding out the cause-effect or causal relationship, correlation, etc

37
Q

what is the experimental aim?

A

to manipulate the given variables so as to support or reject the assumed hypothesis. Hence it answers the questions “what if”

38
Q

what does experimental research include?

A

forensic studies, biological and other laboratory studies, etc…

38
Q

what does experimental research include?

A

forensic studies, biological and other laboratory studies, etc…

39
Q

what primary methodology (describes how your research was conducted) does experimental research use?

A

quantitative

40
Q

what are indigenous knowledge paradigms?

A

a set of theories, methods, concepts, and ways of thinking that are founded on indigenous ways of knowing

41
Q

what do indig knowledge and critical sociology call for?

A

commitment to social justice

42
Q

what does indig knowledge stress?

A

that researchers do not own knowledge; knowledge has spirit

43
Q

how can research be thought of in terms of indigenous knowledge?

A

a ceremony; doing sociology in a good way can be an act o reconciliation

44
Q

what can qualitative (numerical data) research be?

A

exploratory, descriptive , or explanatory

45
Q

qhat dies qualitative research seek to understand?

A

social phenomena in depth: think description

46
Q

what are some common qualitative (data collection) methods?

A
  • interviews
  • focus groups (a form of group interview that capitalizes on communication between research participants in order to generate data.)
  • ethnography ( immersing yourself in a particular community or organization to observe their behavior and interactions) and participant observation
  • Content analysis
47
Q

what is a story catcher?

A

the idea that the researcher’s job is to facilitate the sharing and interpretation of data in story heard and acknowledge as worthy data

48
Q

what does story-catcher value?

A

emotional and spiritual aspects of stories

49
Q

what does a story catcher allow?

A

participants to tell their own stories

50
Q

why is there mistrust between indigenous people an researchers?

A

because of a top-down approach

51
Q

what is a top-down approach?

A

a strategy in which the decision-making process occurs at the highest level and is then communicated to the rest of the team.

SOC 100 (9 decks)

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