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Overview of psychotherapy > Week 4- Person centred > Flashcards

Week 4- Person centred Flashcards

1
Q

Therapeutic dimensions of person centred therapy

A
  1. Complaint oriented
    - Specific aspects regarding a limited number of events
    - Looks at certain aspects of functioning
    - programmatic
  2. Person-oriented
    - Way someone experiences and views the world themselves
    - Takes the whole person and their story
    Issues such as self esteem and relationship problems
    - Explorative
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2
Q

Basic stance of person centred therapy

A
  • Being human is a process
    -Self-actualization tendency: As well as being focused on self-preservation, humans are also focused on growth
    -Trust the process
  • Follow the process
    -Lead the process
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3
Q

Humanistic positive view of man in person-centred therapy

A
  • Immediate experience is very important
    -people have agency and self-determination
    -Complex coherence of the self, wholeness
  • We are dependent on each other
  • We gradually change and grow
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4
Q

Research for person-centred therapy

A

-Typically process-oriented research (Concerned with the dynamic and evolving nature of human experience)
-RCT effect research (1/3 improves a little, 1/3 improves a lot, 1/3 doesn’t improve at all)- EFT, Intrapersonal psychotherapy, DBT
- Therapeutic relationship

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5
Q

Person-centred experiential psychotherapy is especially effective for

A
  • Adults with depression
    -Adults with psychological problems and relationship problems
    -Adults with a psychotic condition
    -Adults with psychological problems related to chronic medical conditions
  • Adults with anxiety disorders, complex trauma, PTSD, eating disorders
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6
Q

Carl rogers view on person centred therapy

A
  • Direct attention towards the growing potential of the client
  • Not looking at the client as someone with a problem to be fixed
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7
Q

Necessary conditions for person centred therapy

A

-Creating a context in which someone can realize himself (Actualizing tendency)
- Congruence: What is visible to the other person corresponds to your own experience at that moment. Accept your own experiences/reactions
- Empathy: Allow yourself to understand the other
- Respect: Being able to accept or respect the other person’s feelings and ideas

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8
Q

How does person-centred therapy approach the patient as a unique individual

A

-Considering how the patient experiences their complaints and situation and the meaning of the complaints in their life situation
- Considering existential challenges
- Learning to connect with others differently
- Focusing on deepening and exploring bodily inner experience
- Expressiveness of the body and focusing on inner sensations

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9
Q

How does person-centred therapy aim to change emotions with emotions

A

Focusing on the expression and exploration of inner sensations and bodily experiences, allowing for a deeper understanding of processing emotions

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10
Q

Empathy from inside to outside

A

Presence
Enter
Resonate
Poignancy
Expression

Follow the OME exercise
Observe: consciously observe posture, facial expression
Mirror: Mirror body position/ facial expression
Empathize: Use observation to put yourself in clients state of mind

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11
Q

Role of the therapist in person centred therapy

A

Facilitator who provides empathy, support and understanding to the client in exploring inner experiences and emotions

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12
Q

How does person-centered, experiential psychotherapy address the expressiveness of the body in therapy?

A

By focusing on inner sensations and bodily experiences in the therapeutic process

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13
Q

How does person-centered, experiential psychotherapy promote self-discovery and personal growth in clients?

A

By creating a safe and empathetic therapeutic environment

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14
Q

How does person-centered, experiential psychotherapy approach the concept of empathy in the therapeutic relationship?

A

Emphasizes the therapist’s ability to demonstrate empathy by understanding and resonating with the client’s emotions, experiences, and inner world
This empathetic connection fosters trust, validation, and a supportive therapeutic relationship conducive to exploration and growth

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15
Q

What is focusing as introduced by gendlin

A

A process that involves paying attention to the bodily felt sense of a situation or issue
Allows for a deeper exploration of inner experiences and emotions to facilitate self-awareness and personal growth in therapy

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16
Q

Depth levels of clients engagement with their inner worlds in PCT

A

No contact: Psychosis, deep depression, no control, impulsive.
1. Low experience level: Impersonal, factual, externalizing.
2. Medium experience level: Description of situations and events with personal
reactions. There and then. Not figuring out the meaning.
3. High level of experience: Telling from within, in the here and now, exploring.

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17
Q

How does the model of emotional processing contribute to understanding and working with emotions in the context of person-centered, experiential psychotherapy?

A

Provides a framework for understanding how individuals process emotions and the impact of this processing on their psychological well-being
- Primary adaptive (grief, hurt) and primary maladaptive (fear, shame, sadness) processes: Constructive and destructive ways of dealing with emotion

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18
Q

Emotion focused therapy

A

Leslie Greenberg and Jeanne Watson
-Emphasizes the importance of changing emotions with emotions and the adaptive nature of emotional processing
- Involves addressing core emotional pain and promoting assertive anger, self-soothing and acceptance

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19
Q

How emotions are seen in EFT

A

-Every emotion has a need and every need has an action tendency
-Emotion is an adaptive form of information processing that focuses people on the importance of events, gives meaning to events and the world
-Emotion is the entrance to change

Emotion- Need- Direction- Compass

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20
Q

what is core pain

A

An unmet need
Almost always about shame, sadness or anxiety

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21
Q

The person in Person Centred Therapy

A

Institutional structures and oppressive culture can deny our personhood
-Power of personhood distinguishes client-centred therapy from approaches based on the medical model

22
Q

Tuskgee syphilis experiemnt

A

Injected with syphilis or fake therapy
Views contrast those of personhood in PCT

23
Q

How does rogers say wholeness can be achieved

A

If the emerging self of a person can assimilate their lived experience

24
Q

Hallmark of psychological adjustment for Rogers

A

Congruence
The state of wholeness
Integration within the experience of a person

25
Q

Congruence

A

the capacity to symbolize experiencing in conscious awareness and to integrate those experiences within our concepts of self

26
Q

Critics of rogers view

A
  • characterised his views as optimistic and naive
  • have interpreted his theory of actualizing tendency as representing a belief in moral goodness
27
Q

One central source of energy in a human according to rogers

A

A tendency towards fulfilment and actualization, involving the maintenance and enhancement of the organism

28
Q

Nondirective attitude

A

Person centred therapy
Trust in the clients inner resources for growth and self-realization
Therapist not seen as expert

29
Q

Concepts of the client in PCT

A
  1. Self concept: -Self regard often lacking in people who seek therapeutic help
    - When clients are rated as more successful in therapy, their attitudes towards themself become more positive
  2. Locus of evaluation: - As clients gain self esteem they shift the basis for their values from other peoples opinions to their own experience
  3. Experiencing: Client improves as they shift from a rigid mode to a more open and flexible mode
30
Q

Dodo bird verdict

A

All models of psychotherapy are roughly equal in their affects

31
Q

Aim of therapist in CBT

A

To challenge the patients core beliefs which are believed to maintain dysfunction or psychopathology

32
Q

Critique of CBT from person centred view

A

Respect for the clients autonomy is directly contradicted by the belief that the therapist has rationality and science on their side and knows what is best for the client

33
Q

One of the most powerful influences on carl rogers

A

Learning that traditional child guidance methods in which he had trained did not work well

34
Q

What is associated with the birth of client centred therapy

A

Carl rogers book “some newer concepts in psychotherapy”
Describes how client begins with a conflict situation and a predominance of negative attitudes and moves towards insight, independence and positive attitudes

35
Q

Essential therapist-offered conditions of therapeutic personality change

A

Congruence, unconditional positive regard, understanding of the clients internal frame of reference

36
Q

Rogers 19-proposition theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships

A

-Believed in the importance of the child’s conscious attitudes toward self and self-ideal was central to the test of personality
- Clients grow through a process of reduced defensiveness and self-directed expansion
-Phenomenological
-End point of personality development is basic congruence between the phenomenal field of experience and the conceptual structure of the self

37
Q

Stephensons Q- sort technique

A

Used to measure changes in self concept and self-ideal during and following therapy and in a no-therapy control period

38
Q

Concept of experience in PCT

A

Private world of the person
At any moment it is conscious
Some experiences can be difficult to bring into awareness
Peoples actual awareness of their total experiential field may be limited, but only the individual can know it completely

39
Q

Reality as a concept in PCT

A

Clients perceptions of their own reality should receive our empathic understanding, even if we think they are mistakes

40
Q

Internal frame of reference in PCT

A

Perceptual field of the individual
How we see the world given our experiences

41
Q

Symbolization

A

PCT
Process by which individual becomes aware or conscious of an experience
Tend to deny symbolization of experiences that don’t match with our concept of self
Ambiguous experiences tend to be symbolized in ways that are consistent with our self-concept

42
Q

What defines whether people are psychologically maladjusted- PCT

A

Congruence
Self concept

43
Q

Fully functioning person in PCT

A

Can readily assimilate organismic experience and are capable of symbolizing these ongoing experiences in awareness
Not afraid of any of their feelings
Positive self concept

44
Q

Congruence conceptualized

A
  1. Transparent communication: Therapist deosnt deny any feelings
  2. Accurate symbolization of experience in the internal self-awareness of the therapist
45
Q

Conditions of worth

A

Children learn that their worth is conditional on good behaviour, moral or religious standards, undecipherable factors they can only guess

46
Q

Therapeutic factors

A

Effects that issue from the therapist, the therapeutic relationship, and the specific techniques associated with the particular therapeutic orientation
In client centred therapy: Also the clients perception of these things

47
Q

Extratherapeutic factors

A

The environment of the client, the various vulnerabilities and problems he or she is dealing with, the presence or absence of adequate social support, and any particular events (such as losses or other changes) that influence the course of therapy

48
Q

Errors of attitude

A

Occur when therapists intentions are other than maintaining congruence, unconditional positive regard and empathetic understanding or other than a nondirective attitude

49
Q

Errors of understanding

A

Occur when therapist is attempting to acceptantly and empathetically understand, but misinterprets what the client is saying

50
Q

Subception

A

Seeing something without being aware of seeing it

51
Q
A

Overview of psychotherapy (6 decks)

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