Week 4 part 1 Flashcards
What is the role of biomarkers?
Molecules that indicate the presence of a disease of dysfunction
Increasing instrumental for confirming diagnoses
Choosing the best treatments
Monitoring disease progression
What does biomarker help with?
- Care
2. Financial
What are most biomarkers?
Metabolic
Many years we have biomarkers for liver disease, diabetes
Where are neurological biomarkers present?
- Cerebrospinal fluid
Rarely - or at undetectable levels - in blood
What does the BBB shield the brain from?
Harmful substances circulating in the bloodstream
What does CSF sampling require?
Invasive and painful lumbar puncture procedure
What did technological advances in detection increase in?
- Sensitivity
e. g. Simoa-single-molecule array/miRNA analysis
Used in labs and CSF to detect very low level compounds
For diagnostic purposes, what did the barrier do?
Made the grains chemistry inaccessible to a convenient blood test
What is the benefit of greater sensitivity ?
Earlier detection of biomarkers for disease
What is development of CTE?
Accumulation of many subconcussive impacts to the brain
What can Quanterix measure?
Biomarkers in blood
E.g. neurofilament light - a biomarker for neuronal damage that indicates head trauma
What can larger biomarker signatures be detected with?
Technology from CDI laborarotories
Offers microarrays of functional human proteins to test antibodies present in human liquid biopsy samples such as blood, serum, plasma, CSF or tissue lysates
What are biomarkers signature detected with?
Panels of high-quality antibodies
What can biomarkers be used to study,
How immune system deals with dead brain tissue after a stroke
What does the immune system remove?
Dead brain tissue after a stroke by a process known as liquefactive-necrosis
What can be used to detect biomarkers?
Multiplexed immunoassay
The prevalence of neurological disorders
- Growing at a very high pace
- Biomarkers are expected to play a vital role in better understanding of the disease and development of personalised medicine specific to the patient
What are the different types of biomarkers in the market?
- Genomic Biomarker
- Proteomic Biomarker
- Metabolomics Biomarker
- Imaging Biomarker
What holds a higher market value that teachers over US $ 2,700 Mn by the end of 2025?
- Genomics Biomarker
Genomics to the Biomarkers market
Efficient process of examining a disease at the genetic level
Play a major role in the drug development and personalised medicine too
What plays a crucial role in successful management of disease?
Early diagnosis of neurological disease
What does neurological system have?
Limited accessibility
Makes diagnosis of disease a difficult process
What does available diagnostic procedure lack in?
- Sensitivity
2. Specificity for evaluation of disease progression and prognosis
What are neurological disorders diagnosed with?
- Cognitive testing
- Clinical history
- Structural MRI
- Neurological examination
What is Biomarker considered as?
- Indicator in evaluation and measurement of a pathological and physiological process
- Indicator for pharmacological response to treatment
What is there a high demand for in the market?
- Identifying and validating biomarkers from a large number of population
- Conducting the research process with the help of this method